由08考研英語(yǔ)真題完型再看文章結(jié)構(gòu)的重要性

　　由2008年考研英語(yǔ)完型再看文章結(jié)構(gòu)的重要性

　　上海學(xué)校 考研詞匯與完型明星教師 陳文笠

　　在今年的考試中，Use of English(即完形填空部分)考察了一篇關(guān)于人類智能的文章。

　　首先，就文章題材而言，本文屬生命科學(xué)類，與95年關(guān)于睡眠的完型相仿。 其寫作思路也基本一致，都是理論結(jié)合實(shí)踐的體系，以事實(shí)舉例來(lái)證明理論的常規(guī)套路。95年關(guān)于睡眠一文以rat的例子闡述了睡眠的意義，而本文以Ashkenazim的例子說(shuō)明了人與人智商間的差別及其導(dǎo)致原因和副作用等。

　　其次，從文章結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)說(shuō)，還是一如既往地秉持了結(jié)構(gòu)明晰的特點(diǎn)，所以仍然以文章邏輯為主導(dǎo)考察考生通過(guò)尋找線索來(lái)解決問(wèn)題的能力。

　　The idea that some ethnic groups may be more intelligent than others is one of those hypotheses that dare not speak its name. But Gregory Cochran is prepared to say it anyway. He is that rare bird, a scientist who works independently of any institution. He helped popularize the idea that some diseases not previously thought to have a bacterial cause were actually infections, which arouse much controversy when it was first suggested.

　　第一段中就以一個(gè)But連接了文章手將speak前的dare not與say前的is prepared to構(gòu)造成鮮明轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以考生可以通過(guò)But與dare not直接推得答案is prepared to。接著文中又用了一個(gè)表示弱轉(zhuǎn)折含義的actually來(lái)引導(dǎo)考生對(duì)previously一詞的把握。

　　類似independent of之類的詞組中介詞考察的考點(diǎn)在近幾年倒是罕有發(fā)生，不過(guò)考生可以在94年完型第1題of utmost importance以及98年完型第18題specialists in等題中找到淵源。

　　Even he, however, might tremble at the thought of what he is about to do. Together with another two scientists, he is publishing a paper which not only suggests that one group of humanity is more intelligent than the others, but explains the process that has brought this about. The group in question are Ashkenazi Jews. The process is natural selection.

　　本段開(kāi)篇一個(gè)however就形成與上文的轉(zhuǎn)折，故可直接排除表結(jié)果的So與Hence選項(xiàng)，而上文說(shuō)GC區(qū)別于眾多敢想不敢言的人挺身而出(由第一段But可知)，所以在第二段再次轉(zhuǎn)折后，說(shuō)明GC與眾人仍有共性，故可排除Only一詞，從而選擇Even作為段首詞。之后，文中一組not only … but …，使suggests賴explains而生。

　　Ashkenazim generally do well in IQ tests, scoring 12-15 points above the mean value of 100, and have contributed disproportionately to the intellectual and cultural life of the West, as the careers of Freud, Einstein and Mahler, pictured above, affirm. They also suffer more often than most people from a number of nasty genetic diseases, such as Tay-Sachs and breast cancer. These facts, however, have previously been thought unrelated. The former has been put down to social effects, such as a strong tradition of valuing education. The latter was seen as a consequence of genetic isolation. Even now, Ashkenazim tend to marry among themselves. In the past they did so almost exclusively. Dr Cochran, however, suspects that the intelligence and the diseases are intimately linked. His argument is that the unusual history of the Ashkenazim has subjected them to unique evolutionary pressures that have resulted in this paradoxical state of affairs.

　　末段中以also連接了第一、二句，從而促成了disproportionately與more often than的呼應(yīng)。之后又以The former與The latter這樣簡(jiǎn)單的對(duì)應(yīng)結(jié)構(gòu)促成了put down to與as a consequence of的呼應(yīng)關(guān)系。文末，一個(gè)however將GC觀點(diǎn)與之前former、latter對(duì)立觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)折，從而不難推導(dǎo)出linked一詞的選擇，繼而后一句中對(duì)GC觀點(diǎn)詳細(xì)闡述中paradoxical一詞也就不難從“矛盾統(tǒng)一論”中獲得證明。

　　最后，從文章整體措辭風(fēng)格看，作者的一些慣有風(fēng)格不難捕捉，文中3次用到however插入主謂結(jié)構(gòu)間，2次將現(xiàn)有情況與先例或先見(jiàn)進(jìn)行比較，均用到表示轉(zhuǎn)折的actually和however等詞，且指代“之前“時(shí)2次使用previously一詞。經(jīng)過(guò)仔細(xì)的觀察，不難發(fā)現(xiàn)這些多次的重復(fù)與作者用詞習(xí)慣、思維習(xí)慣以及表達(dá)習(xí)慣等都息息相關(guān)，因此善于從文章總體脈絡(luò)入手的同學(xué)在解這類題中也不免占點(diǎn)小便宜。

　　考研考試與完型題型本身向來(lái)秉承嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)邏輯思維的特點(diǎn)在本次考試中再次得以完美體現(xiàn)，所以筆者認(rèn)為考研完型解題仍需從大的文章框架結(jié)構(gòu)體系入手，以庖丁解牛之技沿邏輯脈絡(luò)肢解全文，挖掘相應(yīng)線索，方能做到游刃有余。