2004年研究生考試英語(yǔ)完型填空精解

最后更新時(shí)間:2008-02-22 15:49:39
輔導(dǎo)課程:暑期集訓(xùn) 在線咨詢
復(fù)習(xí)緊張,焦頭爛額?逆風(fēng)輕襲,來(lái)跨考秋季集訓(xùn)營(yíng),幫你尋方法,定方案! 了解一下>>

  section ii use of english

  

  directions: read the following text. choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark a, b, c or d on answer sheet 1. (10 points)

  

  many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. theories (21) ____ on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior (22) ____ they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through (23) ____ with others. theories focusing on the role of society that children commit crimes in (24) ____ to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status (25) ____ as a rejection of middle-class values.

  

  most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, (26) ____ the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. the latter may commit crimes (27) ____ lack of adequate parental control. all theories, however, are tentative and are (28) ____ to criticism.

  

  changes in the social structure may indirectly (29) ____ juvenile crime rates. for example, changes in the economy that (30) ____ to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment (31) ____ make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. the resulting discontent may in (32) ____ lead more youths into criminal behavior.

  

  families have also (33) ____ changes these years. more families consist of one parent households or two working parents; (34) ____, children are likely to have less supervision at home (35) ____ was common in the traditional family (36) ____. this lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates.

  

  other (37) ____ causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased (38) ____ of drugs and alcohol, and the growing (39) ____ of child abuse and child neglect. all these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, (40) ____ a direct causal relationship has not yet been established.

  

  21. [a] acting [b] relying [c] centering [d] cementing

  

  22. [a] before [b] unless [c] until [d] because

  

  23. [a] interactions [b] assimilation [c] cooperation [d] consultation

  

  24. [a] return [b] reply [c] reference [d] response

  

  25. [a] or [b] but rather [c] but [d] or else

  

  26. [a] considering [b] ignoring [c] highlighting [d] discarding

  

  27. [a] on [b] in [c] for [d] with

  

  28. [a] immune [b] resistant [c] sensitive [d] subject

  

  29. [a] affect [b] reduce [c] chock [d] reflect

  

  30. [a] point [b] lead [c] come [d] amount

  

  31. [a] in general [b] on average [c] by contrast [d] at length

  

  32. [a] case [b] short [c] turn [d] essence

  

  33. [a] survived [b] noticed [c] undertaken [d] experienced

  

  34. [a] contrarily [b] consequently [c] similarly [d] simultaneously

  

  35. [a] than [b] that [c] which [d] as

  

  36. [a] system [b] structure [c] concept [d] heritage

  

  37. [a] assessable [b] identifiable [c] negligible [d] incredible

  

  38. [a] expense [b] restriction [c] allocation [d] availability

  

  39. [a] incidence [b] awareness [c] exposure [d] popularity

  

  40. [a] provided [b] since [c] although [d] supposing

  

  21.c / centering(著重于、突出、強(qiáng)調(diào))。本題的答案線索是本文第一段第1句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞focus on(強(qiáng)調(diào)、著重、把中心置于……、聚焦于……)。本題選項(xiàng)a、b、d和介詞on搭配使用后的含義分別是作用于……、依賴于和評(píng)論、評(píng)述。

  

  22.d / because (由于,因?yàn)椋1绢}的答案線索是本文第一段第1句中的causes(原因)一詞,該詞提示考生本文探討有關(guān)青少年犯罪(juvenile delinquency / criminal behavior)原因的理論學(xué)說(shuō)。由于22題前的內(nèi)容是青少年從事犯罪行為,22題就應(yīng)選用表達(dá)原因之類的詞語(yǔ)。本題a、b、c選項(xiàng)的含義分別是在……之前、除非、直到。

  

  23.a / interaction (交往、互動(dòng))。俗話說(shuō):近墨者黑。23題空白處之前的內(nèi)容是青少年沾染上了犯罪行為,空白處的內(nèi)容是與其他的人,故答案線索明確暗示:與其他人的來(lái)往 / 交往。本題b、c、d選項(xiàng)的含義分別是同化,吸收、合作、咨詢。

  

  24.d / response (反應(yīng))。本題答案線索仍然是本文第一段第1句中causes(原因)一詞。全文涉及青少年犯罪原因的理論,這是全文的中心靈魂,也是解題的根本點(diǎn)。24題空白處前面的內(nèi)容是青少年犯罪,空白處后面的內(nèi)容是他們失敗了,空白前后又是一對(duì)因果關(guān)系,故選項(xiàng)d(in) response (to) …(對(duì)……的行為反應(yīng))是正確選項(xiàng)。本文a、b、c選項(xiàng)的含義分別是歸還;回報(bào)、回答,回復(fù)、參考。

  

  25.a / or(或者)。本題的答案線索有兩條。其一是上一句話中構(gòu)成兩個(gè)that賓語(yǔ)從句平行的連詞or。其二是本句中25題空白前后的兩個(gè)介詞短語(yǔ)in …和as…。or使這兩個(gè)介詞短語(yǔ)形成了介詞短語(yǔ)的平行結(jié)構(gòu)。本題b、c、d選項(xiàng)的含義分別是然而、但是、否則;要不然。

  

  26.b / ignoring (忽略,忽視)。選項(xiàng)b是現(xiàn)在分詞形式,在本句中充當(dāng)伴隨狀語(yǔ),修飾其前主語(yǔ)中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞focused on(強(qiáng)調(diào),突出,聚焦于……)。本題的答案線索:26題空白處前的含義是把目光 / 注意力放在貧困家庭青少年的犯罪,空白處后的含義是來(lái)自富裕家庭青少年的犯罪,貧困和富裕本身就是鮮明的對(duì)立,十分注意(focused)前者的時(shí)候就不可避免地忽略(ignoring)后者。故選項(xiàng)b是正確選項(xiàng)。本題a、c、d選項(xiàng)的含義分別是考慮、強(qiáng)調(diào),突出、扔掉,拋棄。

  

  27.c / for (因?yàn)?,由于)。本題的答案線索再次回到第一段第1句的causes(原因)一詞。27題空白處前的含義是青少年犯罪,空白處后的含義是缺乏父母的管教,顯而易見,這又是一對(duì)因果關(guān)系,又是本題靈魂的再現(xiàn),故選項(xiàng)c是正確選項(xiàng)。本題on, in, with選項(xiàng)均不能和本題空白處的lack搭配使用,尤其值得一提的是雖然選項(xiàng)c中的with有因?yàn)榈暮x,但在此處無(wú)法和lack一詞搭配使用。

  

  28.d / subject (易遭受到……)。本題答案線索有兩條。其一是選項(xiàng)中截然相反的或?qū)α⒌囊粚?duì)選項(xiàng)中大概有一個(gè)選項(xiàng)是正確的。本題中選項(xiàng)a(immune)和選項(xiàng)d(subject)正是如此的一對(duì)。第二條線索是本句中的連詞and,這個(gè)and在本句中構(gòu)成了其前后兩個(gè)詞的因果關(guān)系。由于所有理論都是嘗試性的,沒有定論的(tentative),故所有理論通常會(huì)遭受到批評(píng)和質(zhì)疑(subject to criticism)。本題a、b、c選項(xiàng)的含義是免于……、抵抗……、敏感的。

  

  29.a / affect (影響)。本題答案線索又一次返回到本文第一段第1句的causes一詞。全文談?wù)撚嘘P(guān)青少年犯罪原因的理論。故追本求源是本文解題時(shí)永恒的主線。29題空白處前的社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)的變化與空白處后的青少年犯罪率又是一對(duì)因果關(guān)系,故選項(xiàng)a(affect / 影響)是正確選項(xiàng)。本題b、c、d選項(xiàng)的含義分別是減少、抑制、反映。

  

  30.b / lead (導(dǎo)致)。本題答案線索與上一題相同。30題空白處前的經(jīng)濟(jì)變化與空白處后的日益減少的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)又是一對(duì)causes(因)和effect(果)關(guān)系。故選項(xiàng)b(lead to 導(dǎo)致)是正確答案。本題的a、c、d選項(xiàng)的含義分別是指向、到來(lái)、總數(shù)達(dá)……。

  

  31.a / in general (一般,通常)。31題空白處前的上升的失業(yè)率與空白處后的使好工作日益難尋,在邏輯上再形成了因果關(guān)系。由于本段第1句和尾句均運(yùn)用了情態(tài)動(dòng)詞may,故31題的空白處最好使用一個(gè)與這兩個(gè)may相呼應(yīng)的語(yǔ)氣詞,以構(gòu)成本段語(yǔ)氣上的連貫。在四個(gè)選項(xiàng)a(in general 一般地,大體上),b(on average 平均,通常),c(by contrast 相比而言)和d(at length 最后;詳盡地;長(zhǎng)久地)中,只有a中的in general和may的語(yǔ)氣較為接近。

  

  32.c / (in) turn 反過(guò)來(lái)。本題答案線索是:社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)變化→青年失業(yè)或難找工作→青年的不滿情緒→青年的犯罪。這是一個(gè)因果關(guān)系的鏈條。所以最后選定(in) turn(反過(guò)來(lái))是由于本段主題句中修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞lead to(導(dǎo)致)一詞的副詞indirectly(間接地)。只有選項(xiàng)c才能準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)主題句中副詞indirectly這一因果層次關(guān)系。本題a、b、d的選項(xiàng)分別是假使;免得,以防(萬(wàn)一)、簡(jiǎn)言之、在本質(zhì)上。

  

  33.d / experienced (經(jīng)歷)。本題答案線索是本段第2句更多的家庭是單親家庭……意味著傳統(tǒng)的家庭模式發(fā)生了變化。故在33題空白處前的families(家庭)與空白處后的changes(變化)之間應(yīng)該填入足以體現(xiàn)已經(jīng)歷經(jīng)家庭變化的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。在本題四個(gè)選項(xiàng)a(survived / 存活),b(noticed / 注意到),c(undertaken / 承擔(dān);從事)和d(experienced / 經(jīng)歷)中,只有選項(xiàng)d最符合原文的含義。

  

  34.b / consequently(結(jié)果)。本題答案線索是:34題空白處前后的兩句話客觀上是前因后果關(guān)系,故選用b.本題a、c、d選項(xiàng)的含義分別是相反、類似、同時(shí)地。

  

  35.a / than (比)。本題答案線索是35題空白處前的less一詞。這是比較級(jí)less … than結(jié)構(gòu)。

  

  36.b / structure (結(jié)構(gòu))。本題答案線索:本段談?wù)摷彝ニ?jīng)歷的變化,本段第2句的動(dòng)詞consist of …(構(gòu)成,組成)暗示考生本段具體涉及家庭結(jié)構(gòu)(structure )變化對(duì)青少年的影響。36題空白前的traditional(傳統(tǒng)的)一詞再一次暗示考生答案應(yīng)該是舊的(traditional)家庭結(jié)構(gòu)(structure)。故選項(xiàng)b是正確答案。本題a、c、d選項(xiàng)的含義分別是系統(tǒng),體系、概念、遺產(chǎn)。

  

  37.b / identifiable (可辨認(rèn)的;可看作是相同的)。這是本次英語(yǔ)知識(shí)運(yùn)用考題中較難的一題。37題空白后的causes(原因)一詞將考生的答案線索,再一次引回到了本文第一段的第1句,該句是全文的靈魂句,其含義是有關(guān)青少年過(guò)失(年輕人犯罪)原因的許多理論或者聚焦(focus on)于個(gè)體或者聚焦(focus on …)于社會(huì)……。也就是說(shuō):不同的理論將不同的方面視為其有關(guān)犯罪解釋的原因,各種理論都尋找出了原因,只是focus(視點(diǎn))不一致,但畢竟都是各種理論的倡導(dǎo)者用眼和心發(fā)現(xiàn)并關(guān)注的原因。故37題空白處應(yīng)該是一個(gè)與focus on在含義上相近的詞,表示發(fā)現(xiàn),關(guān)注之含義。37題空白處之前的other一詞暗示本句是一個(gè)總結(jié)句,意思是人們所關(guān)注或注意到(focus on)的其它原因還有……。故在本題四個(gè)選項(xiàng)a(assessable / 可評(píng)價(jià)或評(píng)估的),b(identifiable /可辨認(rèn)的;可看作是相同的),c(negligible / 可以忽略的,不予重視的)和d(incredible / 難以置信的)中,只有選項(xiàng)b在中心主題連貫和中心思想表達(dá)上與focus on(關(guān)注,聚焦)這一視覺動(dòng)詞相互連貫和呼應(yīng)。

  

  38.d / availability (可獲得性、可得到性)。本題答案線索有兩條。其一是38題所在之句具體闡述青少年犯罪的三個(gè)其他原因。其二是句中連詞and所構(gòu)成的名詞平行結(jié)構(gòu),這一結(jié)構(gòu)要求處于此平行結(jié)構(gòu)中的名詞應(yīng)該在所表達(dá)的語(yǔ)義上屬于同類,由于本句皆在闡述青少年犯罪的三個(gè)其他原因,所以這個(gè)名詞平行結(jié)構(gòu)中的三個(gè)名詞都應(yīng)該是不良社會(huì)現(xiàn)象或行為。38題具體涉及毒品和酒品。眾所周知,毒品和酒品的泛濫與青少年犯罪的增加直接有關(guān)。故選項(xiàng)d(availability / 可獲得性,可得到性)是正確選項(xiàng)。本題的a、b、c選項(xiàng)的含義分別是開支,費(fèi)用、限制,局限、分配。

  

  39.a / incidence (發(fā)生,影響)。本題答案線索有兩條。這兩條線索與38題的兩條線索相同。39題具體涉及虐待兒童(child abuse)。根據(jù)因果關(guān)系和平行關(guān)系的答題思路,考生應(yīng)該選擇選項(xiàng)a(incidence / 發(fā)生,影響)。注意選項(xiàng)d(普及;受歡迎)不對(duì),因?yàn)槲覀兩畹纳鐣?huì)中,虐待兒童(child abuse)并不是普遍現(xiàn)象和社會(huì)的主流。選用d就太夸張了。選項(xiàng)b和c的含義分別是意識(shí),認(rèn)識(shí)和揭露,暴露;接觸。

  

  40.c / although (雖然,盡管)。本題答題線索是40題空白處前后的含義在語(yǔ)義上所形成的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故選項(xiàng)c是正確答案。本題a、b、d選項(xiàng)的含義分別是以……為條件,假如、因?yàn)椤⒓偃?,如果?/p>

  

  when i decided to quit my full time employment it never occurred to me that i might become a part of a new international trend. a lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress prompted me to abandon my relatively high profile career although, in the manner of a disgraced government minister, i covered my exit by claiming i wanted to spend more time with my family。

  

  curiously, some two-and-a-half years and two novels later, my experiment in what the americans term downshifting has turned my tired excuse into an absolute reality. i have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of have it all, preached by linda kelsey for the past seven years in the pages of she magazine, into a woman who is happy to settle for a bit of everything.

  

  i have discovered, as perhaps kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of she after a build-up of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of juggling your life, and making the alternative move into downshifting brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status. nothing could persuade me to return to the kind of life kelsey used to advocate and i once enjoyed: 12-hour working days, pressured deadlines, the fearful strain of office politics and the limitations of being a parent on quality time。

  

  in america, the move away from juggling to a simpler, less materialistic lifestyle is a well-established trend. downshifting―also known in america as voluntary simplicity―has, ironically, even bred a new area of what might be termed anti-consumerism. there are a number of bestselling downshifting self-help books for people who want to simplify their lives; there are newsletters, such as the tightwad gazette, that give hundreds of thousands of americans useful tips on anything from recycling their cling-film to making their own soap; there are even support groups for those who want to achieve the mid-‘90s equivalent of dropping out.

  

  while in america the trend started as a reaction to the economic decline―after the mass redundancies caused by downsizing in the late ‘80s―and is still linked to the politics of thrift, in britain, at least among the middle class downshifters of my acquaintance, we have different reasons for seeking to simplify our lives.

  

  for the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling through the ‘80s, downshifting in the mid-’90s is not so much a search for the mythical good life―growing your own organic vegetables, and risking turning into one―as a personal recognition of your limitations.

  

  67. which of the following is true according to paragraph 1?

  

  [a] full-time employment is a new international trend.

  

  [b] the writer was compelled by circumstances to leave her job.

  

  [c] a lateral move means stepping out of full-time employment.

  

  [d] the writer was only too eager to spend more time with her family.

  

  68. the writer‘s experiment shows that downshifting ________.

  

  [a] enables her to realize her dream

  

  [b] helps her mold a new philosophy of life

  

  [c] prompts her to abandon her high social status

  

  [d] leads her to accept the doctrine of she magazine

  

  69. juggling one‘s life probably means living a life characterized by ________.

  

  [a] non-materialistic lifestyle

  

  [b] a bit of everything

  

  [c] extreme stress

  

  [d] anti-consumerism

  

  70. according to the passage, downshifting emerged in the us as a result of ________.

  

  [a] the quick pace of modern life

  

  [b] man‘s adventurous spirit

  

  [c] man‘s search for mythical experiences

  

  [d] the economic situation

  

  重點(diǎn)單詞:

  

  lateral /5laterel/(側(cè)面的,旁邊的)可看作later+al,later即單詞后來(lái),-al詞后綴,后來(lái)者只能靠邊站→旁邊的。在文中此詞用引申義,各參考書觀點(diǎn)不盡相同,請(qǐng)自甄別。

  

  curiously /5kjueriesli/(好奇地;奇怪地)←curious+ly;curious(好奇的;奇怪的)即curi+ous,curi關(guān)心=care(因?yàn)樵艨商鎿Q),-ous形容詞后綴有……性質(zhì)的,故對(duì)某事非常關(guān)心的→好奇的。it is a curious fact that in bad days we can very vividly recall the good time that is now no more; but that in good days we have only a very cold and imperfect memory of the bad.一個(gè)奇怪的事實(shí)是,在失意的日子里,我們能夠生動(dòng)地想起不復(fù)存在的美好時(shí)光;而在得意的時(shí)候,對(duì)苦難的日子卻只留有非常淡漠而殘缺的記憶?!@是德國(guó)哲學(xué)家叔本華說(shuō)的,其代表作《作為意志與表象的世界》是guangxian最欣賞的哲學(xué)作品,商務(wù)印書館出過(guò)中譯本。

  

  downshifting /5daun7fiftin/←down+shift+ing,原義指汽車調(diào)檔減速,文中指放慢生活節(jié)奏。

  

  passionate /5pafenit/(充滿熱情的)即passion+ate,passion(激情;暴怒),-ate此作形容詞后綴。a poet is, before anything else, a person who is passionately in love with language.一個(gè)詩(shī)人首先是個(gè)熱愛語(yǔ)言的人。death is the only pure, beautiful conclusion of a great passion.死是偉大激情的唯一純潔與美麗的終結(jié)。three passions, simple but overwhelmingly strong, have governed my life: the longing for love, the search for knowledge and the unbearable pity for the suffering of mankind.有三種情感,雖樸實(shí)卻無(wú)可抗拒地主宰著我的生命:對(duì)愛的渴望,對(duì)知識(shí)的探求,以及對(duì)人類所受苦難的憐憫。passion is in all great searches and is necessary to all creative endeavours.激情存在于一切偉大的追求中,對(duì)所有創(chuàng)造性的活動(dòng)都是必不可少的。

  

  preach /pri:tf/(v.鼓吹;布道)可看作pr(e)+each,pre-前綴在前,each每個(gè),牧師走到每個(gè)人面前→布道。preach not because you have to say something, but because you have something to say.布道不是由于你不得不說(shuō)些什么,而是由于你有些話要說(shuō)。

  

  resignation /7rezi^5neifen/(辭職;順從)←resign+ation名詞后綴;resign(v.辭職;順從)←re+sign,re-前綴=away或=again,sign簽署,故簽署后離開→辭職,再次簽署→順從。what is called resignation is confirmed desperation.所謂順從就是確定了的絕望。no resign oneself to being defeated不甘心于失敗。

  

  editorship /5editefip/(編輯職務(wù),編輯工作)←editor+ship,editor(編輯者),-ship抽象名詞后綴表性質(zhì)、職位、資格等,如:friendship、leadership、membership等。

  

  doctrine /5dcktrin/(教義;學(xué)說(shuō))←doctr+ine,doctr=doctor(元音可增減),-ine名詞后綴表物,故教授拿來(lái)講授的東西→教義。參vaccine(疫苗),2003年text 2.the wisest man preaches no doctrines; he has no scheme.最大的智者不鼓吹任何學(xué)說(shuō),沒有任何體系。

  

  juggle /5dvq^l/(n.v.雜耍)發(fā)音與滬方言對(duì)撲克牌中jack的發(fā)音同,拿撲克牌玩雜耍(juggle),引得大家咯咯(guggle)笑,文中juggle引申為忙忙碌碌。

  

  deadline /5dedlain/(最后期限)←dead+line.

  

  newsletter /5nju:z7lete/(時(shí)事通訊,簡(jiǎn)報(bào))←news+letter.

  

  cling-film(食品保鮮膜)←cling粘著+film薄膜。

  

  equivalent /i5kwivelent/(相等的,等價(jià)的;相等物,等價(jià)物)即equi+val+ent,equi相等(如:equal相等的),val價(jià)值(如:value價(jià)值),-ent后綴。in truth, politeness is artificial good humor, it covers the natural want of it, and ends by rendering habitual a substitute nearly equivalent to the real virtue.禮貌實(shí)際上是人為的好性情,它掩蓋了它天生的不足,結(jié)果給慣于此道者提供了與真正美德幾乎相當(dāng)?shù)拇闷贰?/p>

  

  drop out退隱,逃避現(xiàn)實(shí)。

  

  redundancy /ri5dqndensi/(冗余)即red+und+ancy,red-(=re-),und詞根多,-ancy名詞后綴,越來(lái)越(re)多→冗余。同根詞:abundant(豐富的)←ab加強(qiáng)前綴+und多+ant形容詞后綴。redundancy―an air-bag in a politician‘s car多余物-政治家汽車?yán)锏谋kU(xiǎn)氣袋。

  

  thrift /wrift/(節(jié)儉;繁榮)可記:節(jié)儉導(dǎo)致繁榮;thrifty(節(jié)儉的;繁榮的)←thrift+y形容詞后綴。thrift→thrive(v.繁榮),類似變化的單詞有theft(n.偷)→thieve(v.偷)。it is thrifty to prepare today for the wants of tomorrow.節(jié)儉就是今天為明天的需要作準(zhǔn)備。

  

  mythical /5miwikel/(神話的;虛構(gòu)的)←myth神話+ical后綴。myth―a religion in which no one any longer believes神話-一種沒有人再信仰的宗教。

  

  recognition /7reke^5nifen/(n.認(rèn)出,承認(rèn))是recognise(或recognize)的名詞形式。three fundamental truths without a recognition of which there can be no effective liberty: that what we believe is not necessarily true; that what we like is not necessarily good; and that all questions are open.有三條基本真理,如果不承認(rèn)就不會(huì)有實(shí)在的自由:我們相信的未必真實(shí),我們喜愛的未必美好,一切問(wèn)題都無(wú)定論。the highest possible stage in moral culture is when we recognize that we ought to control thoughts.道德修養(yǎng)有可能達(dá)到的最高境界是認(rèn)識(shí)到我們應(yīng)該控制自己的思想。a celebrity is a person who works hard all his life to become known, then wears dark glasses to avoid being recognized.所謂名人不過(guò)是這樣一種人:他終生勤奮努力而致成名,然后戴上墨鏡以免被別人認(rèn)出。

  

  adventurous /ed5ventferes/(喜冒險(xiǎn)的;充滿危險(xiǎn)的)←adventur(e)冒險(xiǎn)+ous形容詞后綴。a good critic is one who narrates the adventures of his mind among masterpieces.好的批評(píng)家是個(gè)講述自己的精神在杰作中歷險(xiǎn)的人。adventure―the vitaminizing element in histories both in dividual and social冒險(xiǎn)-個(gè)人歷史和社會(huì)歷史中的維生素。

  

  難句解析:

  

 ?、賏 lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress promoted me to abandon my relatively high profile career alhough, in the manner of a disgraced government minister, i covered my exit by claiming i wanted to spend more time with my family。▲本句中a lateral move是主語(yǔ),promoted是謂語(yǔ),that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress是a lateral move的定語(yǔ),although, in the manner of a disgraced government minister, i covered my exit by claiming i wanted to spend more time with my family是狀語(yǔ),其中逗號(hào)之間的in the manner of a disgraced government minister是插入語(yǔ)。

  

  △注意找準(zhǔn)主句主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。

  

 ?、赾uriously, some two-and-a-half years and two novels later, my experiment in what the americans term downshifting has turned my tired excuse into an absolute reality.▲本句主干是…… my experiment…… has turned my tired excuse into an absolute reality.注意其謂語(yǔ)是一個(gè)turn sth. into sth.的結(jié)構(gòu)。前面兩個(gè)逗號(hào)之間的是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。

  

  △注意抓句子的主干,其中主語(yǔ)的修飾部分in what the americans term downshifting看不懂可以跳過(guò)去。當(dāng)然,如果我們對(duì)英語(yǔ)的預(yù)感較好,就可以猜測(cè)downshifting一詞的意思與駕駛騎車有關(guān),在這里,作者把生活比喻為開車,因此放棄對(duì)物質(zhì)生活的熱衷追求就像在開車時(shí)減檔減速一樣。

  

  ③i have discovered, as perhaps kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of she after a build-up of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of juggling your life, and making the alternative move into downshifting brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status.▲i have discovered是主句的主謂結(jié)構(gòu),that abandoning the doctrine of juggling your life, and making the alternative move into downshifting brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status是主句的賓語(yǔ),其中abandoning the doctrine of juggling your life, and making the alternative move into downshifting為該賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ),brings為謂語(yǔ)。as perhaps kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of she after a build-up of stress既是伴隨狀語(yǔ),又是插入語(yǔ),其主語(yǔ)為kelsey,謂語(yǔ)為will,而after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of she after a build-up of stress是本插入語(yǔ)中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。

  

  △注意一些詞匯的含義:much-publicized十分張揚(yáng)的;she是雜志的名字,因此首字母須大寫;build-up積聚;juggling忙碌;brings with it far greater rewards than帶來(lái)的利益遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不止……。

  

 ?、躣ownshifting―also known in america as voluntary simplicity―has, ironically, even bred a new area of what might be termed anti-consumerism.▲本句的句子結(jié)構(gòu)是downshifting has bred a new area,破折號(hào)之間的是插入結(jié)構(gòu),ironically也是插入語(yǔ),可放在句首,what相當(dāng)于thought which.

  

  △重點(diǎn)是抓住句子的主干成分。

  

 ?、輜hile in america the trend started as a reaction to the economic decline―after the mass redundancies caused by downsizing in the late ‘80s―and is still linked to the politics of thrift, in britain, at least among the middle-class downshifters of my acquaintance, we have different reasons for seeking to simplify our lives.▲本句首先應(yīng)該從in britain的前面一分為二,前面講的是在美國(guó)的情況,其中破折號(hào)之間的是一插入成分,而后面講的是在英國(guó)的情況。

  

  △注意英美兩國(guó)的差異。

  

 ?、辠or the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling through the ‘80s, downshifting in the mid-’90s is not so much a search for the mythical good life―growing your own organic vegetables, and risking turning into one―as a personal recognition of your limitations.▲本句主謂結(jié)構(gòu)為…… downshifting in the mid-‘90s is not……。who were urged to keep juggling through the ’80s是修飾the women of my generation的定語(yǔ)從句。growing your own organic vegetables, and risking turning into one既是插入語(yǔ),又是the mythical good life的同位語(yǔ)。

  

  △注意not so much a(a search for the mythical good life) as b(a personal recognition of your limitations)的句式含義,即與其說(shuō)是a,不如說(shuō)是b。

  

  試題解析:

  

  67. [b]意為:作者因環(huán)境所迫而辭職。

  

  根據(jù)第一段,當(dāng)作者決定辭去她的全職工作時(shí),她從沒有想到自己可能成為一個(gè)國(guó)際新時(shí)尚的一分子。作者寫道,一次始料未及的行動(dòng)傷害了我的自尊,阻礙了我在工作上的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展,使得我不得不放棄相對(duì)具有良好公眾形象的工作生涯,雖然當(dāng)時(shí)自己像一個(gè)出丑的政府部長(zhǎng)一樣,不得不用我想多花些時(shí)間和家人在一起這樣的話來(lái)掩飾自己的辭職。

  

  a意為:全職工作是一種新的國(guó)際時(shí)尚。第一句中所說(shuō)的新時(shí)尚實(shí)際上指下文提到的激流勇退(downshifting),過(guò)簡(jiǎn)樸而無(wú)強(qiáng)工作壓力的生活。

  

  c意為:一次意想不到的行動(dòng)指放棄全職工作。lateral原來(lái)的意思是橫向的,這里意思是超出預(yù)料的,含義是沒有按原設(shè)定好的進(jìn)程而發(fā)生的;move意為步驟或行動(dòng)。根據(jù)原文,a lateral move是作者失去工作的原因,而不是指失去工作這一過(guò)程本身。

  

  d意為:作者太想多花點(diǎn)時(shí)間和家人在一起了。

  

  68. [b]意為:使作者形成了一種新的生活哲學(xué)。

  

  作者在第二段指出,奇怪的是,經(jīng)過(guò)了約兩年半的時(shí)間并發(fā)表了兩部小說(shuō)以后,我在美國(guó)人稱之為激流勇退的生活方式上的實(shí)驗(yàn),卻不期將我那乏味的借口(指第一段最后一句掩飾性的話)轉(zhuǎn)化為實(shí)實(shí)在在的現(xiàn)實(shí)。我從一個(gè)全力以赴生活哲學(xué)-在過(guò)去七年里linda kelsey一直在她這份雜志上鼓吹這種生活方式-的積極倡導(dǎo)者,演變成一個(gè)樂(lè)于隨遇而安的女人。

  

  在第三段作者又指出,像linda kelsey有一天也許會(huì)認(rèn)識(shí)到的那樣(在經(jīng)歷過(guò)越來(lái)越大的壓力之后,她辭去了她雜志的編輯工作,她的辭職被炒得沸沸揚(yáng)揚(yáng)),摒棄玩耍生活的生活哲學(xué),而代之以激流勇退的生活哲學(xué),會(huì)給人帶來(lái)比經(jīng)濟(jì)上的成功和社會(huì)地位更高的益處?,F(xiàn)在,誰(shuí)也不能勸我再回到kelsey所倡導(dǎo)的-并且我自己也曾經(jīng)喜歡的那種生活方式中去了:一天工作12小時(shí),充滿壓力的一件件有最后期限的事情,辦公室規(guī)章所帶來(lái)的可怕的壓力,以及做母親(所能花在家人身上)的有限的高質(zhì)量時(shí)間。

  

  a不對(duì)。新的生活方式是她始料未及的,可以說(shuō)是她的意外發(fā)現(xiàn)-辭職時(shí)她并沒有夢(mèng)想要像現(xiàn)在這樣生活。

  

  c意為:促使她放棄了自己很高的社會(huì)地位。根據(jù)原文,作者是在辭去工作以后才過(guò)上現(xiàn)在這種生活的。

  

  d意為:使她接受了她雜志所倡導(dǎo)的生活哲學(xué)。恰恰相反,她放棄了這一生活哲學(xué)。

  

  69. [c]意為:極度緊張。

  

  juggle的原義是耍弄,擺弄,在第三段中,juggling your life和downshifting相提并論,而downshifting這里應(yīng)該和第二段第二句中的settle for a bit of everything屬于同義,相應(yīng)地,juggling one‘s life應(yīng)該和第二段第二句中的having it all同義。根據(jù)第四段,downshifting本文指過(guò)簡(jiǎn)樸、自在的生活,那么,juggling one’s life當(dāng)指進(jìn)取的生活方式,工作中的不斷進(jìn)取當(dāng)然是與工作壓力成正比的。

  

  a意為:不追求物質(zhì)利益的生活方式。根據(jù)第四段第一句,這是downshifting的生活特點(diǎn)。

  

  b不對(duì)。根據(jù)第二段,這也是downshifting的生活特點(diǎn)。

  

  d意為:反消費(fèi)主義。根據(jù)第四段第二句,所謂反消費(fèi)主義與自愿過(guò)簡(jiǎn)樸的生活是一致的。

  

  70. [d]

  

  根據(jù)第五段,在美國(guó),這種趨勢(shì)(指上一段提到的downshifting生活方式)的出現(xiàn)最初是對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退的一種反應(yīng)。

  

  a意為:快節(jié)奏的現(xiàn)代生活。

  

  b意為:人們的冒險(xiǎn)精神。

  

  c意為;人們對(duì)神秘的生活體驗(yàn)的追求。

  

  全文翻譯:

  

  當(dāng)我決定辭去自己的全日制工作時(shí)決沒有想到,自己竟成了一種新的國(guó)際性潮流的一分子。一次平級(jí)的人事調(diào)動(dòng)傷了我的自尊心,并阻斷了我的事業(yè)發(fā)展,這促使我放棄自己地位較高的職業(yè),當(dāng)然,就像面子掃盡的政府部長(zhǎng)那樣,我也掩飾說(shuō)我只想與家人更多的呆在一起。

  

  奇怪的是,大約兩年半的時(shí)間我寫完兩部小說(shuō)后,我這個(gè)被美國(guó)人稱為放慢生活節(jié)奏的試驗(yàn),卻使我老掉牙的借口變成了現(xiàn)實(shí)。我已從一個(gè)獲得一切哲學(xué)(琳達(dá)。凱茜過(guò)去七年中在《她》這本雜志所宣揚(yáng)的)的狂熱支持者,變成了一個(gè)樂(lè)于接受任何東西只要一丁點(diǎn)的女人。

  

  我已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)(由于壓力過(guò)大,凱茜已多次公開宣稱要辭去《她》雜志編輯的職務(wù),在這之后她也許會(huì)有同樣發(fā)現(xiàn)),放棄忙忙碌碌的生活哲學(xué),轉(zhuǎn)而過(guò)一種放慢生活節(jié)奏的生活所帶來(lái)的回報(bào),比經(jīng)濟(jì)成功和社會(huì)地位更有價(jià)值。什么也說(shuō)服不了我回到過(guò)去那種凱茜所宣揚(yáng)的、我也曾自得其樂(lè)的生活中去:每天12小時(shí)的工作日,壓得人喘不過(guò)氣來(lái)的最后期限,可怕而緊張的辦公室的爭(zhēng)權(quán)奪利,以及因?yàn)闀r(shí)間有限連做母親也得高效率所造成的種種限制。

  

  在美國(guó),擺脫忙碌,轉(zhuǎn)而過(guò)一種簡(jiǎn)單、不大物質(zhì)化的生活已成明確趨勢(shì)。具有諷刺意味的是,放慢生活節(jié)奏-在美國(guó)也稱自愿簡(jiǎn)單化-甚至孕育了一個(gè)嶄新的、可稱之為反消費(fèi)主義的生活方式。對(duì)于那些想簡(jiǎn)單生活的人來(lái)說(shuō),有許多很暢銷的幫你輕松生活的自助書籍;有各種簡(jiǎn)訊,例如省錢簡(jiǎn)報(bào),會(huì)給美國(guó)人提供成千上萬(wàn)條有用的點(diǎn)子去做事,從回收保鮮臘到自制肥皂;甚至還有一些幫助團(tuán)體,幫人按90年代中期脫離傳統(tǒng)社會(huì)的人的生活方式去生活。

  

  在美國(guó),這種趨勢(shì)一開始是對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)衰落所做出的一種反應(yīng)-出現(xiàn)于80年代后期縮小經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)模所引起的大量人員冗余之后-在英國(guó),至少在我所認(rèn)識(shí)的中產(chǎn)階級(jí)的簡(jiǎn)化生活者中,這種趨勢(shì)仍被認(rèn)為與節(jié)儉政治有關(guān)聯(lián),雖然如此,然而我們有著不同的緣由去尋求使自己的生活簡(jiǎn)單化。

  

  對(duì)我們這一代女性來(lái)說(shuō),整個(gè)80年代我們?cè)黄让β档厣睿?0年代中期的簡(jiǎn)化生活與其說(shuō)是尋求神話般的好生活-自己種有機(jī)蔬菜以及冒險(xiǎn)制造有機(jī)蔬菜-倒不如說(shuō)我們都認(rèn)識(shí)了自身的局限。

  2022考研初復(fù)試已經(jīng)接近尾聲,考研學(xué)子全面進(jìn)入2023屆備考,跨考為23考研的考生準(zhǔn)備了10大課包全程準(zhǔn)備、全年復(fù)習(xí)備考計(jì)劃、目標(biāo)院校專業(yè)輔導(dǎo)、全真復(fù)試模擬練習(xí)和全程針對(duì)性指導(dǎo);2023考研的小伙伴針也已經(jīng)開始擇校和復(fù)習(xí)了,跨考考研暢學(xué)5.0版本全新升級(jí),無(wú)論你在校在家都可以更自如的完成你的考研復(fù)習(xí),暑假集訓(xùn)營(yíng)帶來(lái)了院校專業(yè)初步選擇,明確方向;考研備考全年規(guī)劃,核心知識(shí)點(diǎn)入門;個(gè)性化制定備考方案,助你贏在起跑線,早出發(fā)一點(diǎn)離成功就更近一點(diǎn)!

點(diǎn)擊右側(cè)咨詢或直接前往了解更多

考研院校專業(yè)選擇和考研復(fù)習(xí)計(jì)劃
2023備考學(xué)習(xí) 2023線上線下隨時(shí)學(xué)習(xí) 34所自劃線院??佳袕?fù)試分?jǐn)?shù)線匯總
2022考研復(fù)試最全信息整理 全國(guó)各招生院校考研復(fù)試分?jǐn)?shù)線匯總
2023全日制封閉訓(xùn)練 全國(guó)各招生院??佳姓{(diào)劑信息匯總
2023考研先知 考研考試科目有哪些? 如何正確看待考研分?jǐn)?shù)線?
不同院校相同專業(yè)如何選擇更適合自己的 從就業(yè)說(shuō)考研如何擇專業(yè)?
手把手教你如何選專業(yè)? 高校研究生教育各學(xué)科門類排行榜

跨考考研課程

班型 定向班型 開班時(shí)間 高定班 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)班 課程介紹 咨詢
秋季集訓(xùn) 沖刺班 9.10-12.20 168000 24800起 小班面授+專業(yè)課1對(duì)1+專業(yè)課定向輔導(dǎo)+協(xié)議加強(qiáng)課程(高定班)+專屬規(guī)劃答疑(高定班)+精細(xì)化答疑+復(fù)試資源(高定班)+復(fù)試課包(高定班)+復(fù)試指導(dǎo)(高定班)+復(fù)試班主任1v1服務(wù)(高定班)+復(fù)試面授密訓(xùn)(高定班)+復(fù)試1v1(高定班)
2023集訓(xùn)暢學(xué) 非定向(政英班/數(shù)政英班) 每月20日 22800起(協(xié)議班) 13800起 先行階在線課程+基礎(chǔ)階在線課程+強(qiáng)化階在線課程+真題階在線課程+沖刺階在線課程+專業(yè)課針對(duì)性一對(duì)一課程+班主任全程督學(xué)服務(wù)+全程規(guī)劃體系+全程測(cè)試體系+全程精細(xì)化答疑+擇校擇專業(yè)能力定位體系+全年關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)指導(dǎo)體系+初試加強(qiáng)課+初試專屬服務(wù)+復(fù)試全科標(biāo)準(zhǔn)班服務(wù)

①凡本網(wǎng)注明“稿件來(lái)源:跨考網(wǎng)”的所有文字、圖片和音視頻稿件,版權(quán)均屬北京尚學(xué)碩博教育咨詢有限公司(含本網(wǎng)和跨考網(wǎng))所有,任何媒體、網(wǎng)站或個(gè)人未經(jīng)本網(wǎng)協(xié)議授權(quán)不得轉(zhuǎn)載、鏈接、轉(zhuǎn)帖或以其他任何方式復(fù)制、發(fā)表。已經(jīng)本網(wǎng)協(xié)議授權(quán)的媒體、網(wǎng)站,在下載使用時(shí)必須注明“稿件來(lái)源,跨考網(wǎng)”,違者本網(wǎng)將依法追究法律責(zé)任。

②本網(wǎng)未注明“稿件來(lái)源:跨考網(wǎng)”的文/圖等稿件均為轉(zhuǎn)載稿,本網(wǎng)轉(zhuǎn)載僅基于傳遞更多信息之目的,并不意味著再通轉(zhuǎn)載稿的觀點(diǎn)或證實(shí)其內(nèi)容的真實(shí)性。如其他媒體、網(wǎng)站或個(gè)人從本網(wǎng)下載使用,必須保留本網(wǎng)注明的“稿件來(lái)源”,并自負(fù)版權(quán)等法律責(zé)任。如擅自篡改為“稿件來(lái)源:跨考網(wǎng)”,本網(wǎng)將依法追究法律責(zé)任。

③如本網(wǎng)轉(zhuǎn)載稿涉及版權(quán)等問(wèn)題,請(qǐng)作者見稿后在兩周內(nèi)速來(lái)電與跨考網(wǎng)聯(lián)系,電話:400-883-2220