2001考研英語閱讀真題解析(2)

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  A great deal of attention is being paid today to the so-called digital divide―the division of the world into the info(information) rich and the info poor. And that divide does exist today. My wife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago. What was less visible then, however, were the new, positive forces that work against the digital divide. There are reasons to be optimistic.

  

  There are technological reasons to hope the digital divide will narrow. As the Internet becomes more and more commercialized, it is in the interest of business to universalize access―after all, the more people online, the more potential customers there are. More and more governments, afraid their countries will be left behind, want to spread Internet access. Within the next decade or two, one to two billion people on the planet will be netted together. As a result, I now believe the digital divide will narrow rather than widen in the years ahead. And that is very good news because the Internet may well be the most powerful tool for combating world poverty that we've ever had.

  

  Of course, the use of the Internet isn't the only way to defeat poverty. And the Internet is not the only tool we have. But it has enormous potential.

  

  To take advantage of this tool, some impoverished countries will have to get over their outdated anti-colonial prejudices with respect to foreign investment. Countries that still think foreign investment is an invasion of their sovereignty might well study the history of infrastructure (the basic structural foundations of a society) in the United States. When the United States built its industrials infrastructure, it didn't have the capital to do so. And that is why America's Second Wave infrastructure―including roads, harbors, highways, ports and so on―were built with foreign investment. The English, the Germans, the Dutch and the French were investing in Britain's former colony. They financed them. Immigrant Americans built them. Guess who owns them now? The Americans. I believe the same thing would be true in places like Brazil or anywhere else for that matter. The more foreign capital you have helping you build your Third Wave infrastructure, which today is an electronic infrastructure, the better off you're going to be. That doesn't mean lying down and becoming fooled, or letting foreign corporations run uncontrolled. But it does mean recognizing how important they can be in building the energy and telecom infrastructures needed to take full advantage of the Internet.

  

  55. Digital divide is something ________.

  

  [A] getting worse because of the Internet

  

  [B] the rich countries are responsible for

  

  [C] the world must guard against

  

  [D] considered positive today

  

  56. Governments attach importance to the Internet because it ________.

  

  [A] offers economic potentials

  

  [B] can bring foreign funds

  

  [C] can soon wipe out world poverty

  

  [D] connects people all over the world

  

  57. The writer mentioned the case of the United States to justify the policy of ________.

  

  [A] providing financial support overseas

  

  [B] preventing foreign capital's control

  

  [C] building industrial infrastructure

  

  [D] accepting foreign investment

  

  58. It seems that now a country's economy depends much on ________.

  

  [A] how well-developed it is electronically

  

  [B] whether it is prejudiced against immigrants

  

  [C] whether it adopts America's industrial pattern

  

  [D] how much control it has over foreign corporations

  

  重點(diǎn)詞匯:

  

  divide /di5vaid/(分開;分配;除)是division /di5viVEn/(分開;部門;除法)的動詞形式。The only way on earth to multiply happiness is to divide it.世上唯一能使幸福成倍增加的方法是將其分作幾份。Grief can take care of itself, but to get the full value of a joy you must have somebody to divide it with.悲傷只需其自身就足夠了,然而要獲取一件樂事的充分價(jià)值,你就必須找人分享。Instead of this absurd division into sexes they ought to class people as static and dynamic.為取代性別這種荒唐的區(qū)別,他們應(yīng)該把人分成靜態(tài)與動態(tài)兩種。

  

  loom /lu:m/(v.隱約出現(xiàn);織布機(jī))可看作loo+m,loo即數(shù)字100,m即國際單位米,能織出100米長的布的織布機(jī);另外布在織成以前是透明的,所以布后面的東西是可以隱約出現(xiàn)的。

  

  commercialize /kE5mE:FElaiz/(使商業(yè)化)即commercial+ize,commercial(商業(yè)的)←commerc(e)+ial,-ize動詞后綴使……化。Good manners are the settled medium of social, as specie is of commercial life.禮貌是社會生活固定的中介,就像硬幣之于商業(yè)生活。commercialism―doing well that which should not be done at all商業(yè)主義-把根本不該做的事做得很好。

  

  universalize /7ju:ni5vE:sElaiz/(使普遍化)即universal+ize,universal(宇宙的;普遍的)←univers(e)+al,-ize動詞后綴使……化。Envy is the most universal passion.忌妒是最普遍的情感。universe―merely a fleeting idea in God's mind―a pretty uncomfortable thought, particularly if you're just made a down payment on a house宇宙-不過是上帝頭腦里一個稍縱即逝的想法-一種讓人很不舒服的想法,特別是在你剛預(yù)付過房子的定金之后。

  

  impoverish /im5pCvEriF/(使貧窮;使枯竭)←im加強(qiáng)前綴+pover詞根+ish動詞后綴;同根詞:poverty /5pCvEti/(貧窮)←pover+ty名詞后綴。

  

  prejudice /5predVudis/(偏見v.n.損害)即pre+jud+ice,pre-前綴在前,jud詞根判斷(=judge),-ice后綴,在弄清事實(shí)之前就做出判斷→偏見,而偏見是會招致?lián)p害的。Prejudice is the child of ignorance.偏見是無知的產(chǎn)物。prejudice―①an unwillingness to be confused with facts②a device enabling you to form opinions without getting the facts偏見-①不愿為事實(shí)所困惑②使你能在不了解事實(shí)的情況下形成觀點(diǎn)的一種裝置。

  

  respect /ris5pekt/(v.n.尊敬)即re+spect,re-反復(fù),spect詞根看,反復(fù)看一個人是對其表示尊敬;with respect to關(guān)于。All the great religions are fundamentally equal. We must have innate respect for other religions as we have for our own.一切偉大的宗教在根本上都是等同的。我們對于其它宗教,必須像對自己的宗教一樣懷著天然的敬意。To respect a person is not possible without knowing him.不了解一個人卻要尊敬他,那是不可能的。respect―to admire from a distance尊敬-從遠(yuǎn)處贊賞。

  

  sovereignty /5sCvrinti/(主權(quán);主權(quán)國家)即sover+(r)eign+ty,sover(=over)在上,reign統(tǒng)治,-ty名詞后綴,在上面統(tǒng)治;sovereign(統(tǒng)治的;統(tǒng)治者)←sover+(r)eign.Men in great places are thrice servants: servants of the sovereign or state; servants of fame; and servants of business.身居高位者是三重仆人:統(tǒng)治者或國家的仆人,名聲的仆人,以及事務(wù)的仆人。

  

  infrastructure /5infrE5strQktFE/(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)即infra+structure,infra-前綴在下,structure(v.n.構(gòu)造)。以infra-為前綴的詞:infrahuman(類人猿的;類人生物)←infra+human;infrared(紅外線的;紅外線)←infra+red.

  

  telecom /5telEkCm/(電信)即telecommunication.

  

  responsible /ris5pCnsEbl/(負(fù)責(zé)的;可靠的;責(zé)任重大的)即respons(e)+ible,response回應(yīng)(見2001年P(guān)assage 1),-ible能……的,能得到回應(yīng)的→負(fù)責(zé)的。An idea isn't responsible for the people who believe in it.一種思想對信仰它的人并不負(fù)有責(zé)任。To be a man is, precisely, to be responsible.確切地說,做男人就是負(fù)責(zé)任。

  

  in the interest of為了……的利益;may well很有可能;lie down屈從。

  

  難句解析:

  

 ?、貯 great deal of attention is being paid today to the so-called digital divide―the division of the world into the info(information) rich and the info poor.▲本句的結(jié)構(gòu)較簡單,抓住attention is being paid to the digital divide就可以了,注意破折號后面的名詞短語實(shí)際上是對digital divide一詞的定義。

  

  △so-called所謂的,注意要學(xué)會利用如破折號、括號、逗號等標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號來定位一個詞的補(bǔ)充說明成分。

  

 ?、贏s the Internet becomes more and more commercialized, it is in the interest of business to universalize access―after all, the more people online, the more potential customers there are.▲注意主句是It is in the interest of business to do sth.,前面as引導(dǎo)的是伴隨狀語,而非原因狀語,要理解為隨著,而非因?yàn)?。后面破折號的部分是進(jìn)一步解釋說明前面的主句。

  

  △注意幾個詞的含義:commercialized商業(yè)化;universalize access普及上網(wǎng)條件。

  

 ?、跿o take advantage of this tool, some impoverished countries will have to get over their outdated anti-colonial prejudices with respect to foreign investment.▲本句的主干是some impoverished countries will have to get over their outdated anti-colonial prejudices.前面的不定式可以被看成是一個目的狀語。

  

  △tool指上文的internet;impoverished貧困的;get over克服,摒棄;with respect to在某個方面。

  

 ?、躎he more foreign capital you have helping you build your Third Wave infrastructure, which today is an electronic infrastructure, the better off you're going to be.▲此處用了the more…… the more……的句型。逗號之間的which today is an electronic infrastructure是Third Wave infrastructure的非限定性定語從句。

  

  △capital資金;Third Wave第三次浪潮,指后工業(yè)時(shí)代,即信息時(shí)代;infrastructure基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施;better off的原形是well off家境好,富裕。

  

  

  55. [C]意為:全世界應(yīng)該警惕。

  

  第一段第一句對數(shù)字分化下了一個定義。其后作者提到,他和妻子20年前就在講演中談到這種隨時(shí)將至的危險(xiǎn),這里,this looming danger當(dāng)指the digital divide,即在世界范圍內(nèi)產(chǎn)生信息富裕和信息貧乏的兩類國家。當(dāng)時(shí),作者就認(rèn)為前途是樂觀的,因?yàn)樵缭?0年前就已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了一些防止產(chǎn)生這種分化的積極因素,只是當(dāng)時(shí)這些因索還不太明顯。同時(shí),在第二段,作者提到了網(wǎng)絡(luò)的普及使這種分化正得到縮小。可見,在作者看來,這種分化是不好的現(xiàn)象,而網(wǎng)絡(luò)的普及能幫助世界戰(zhàn)勝貧困(combating world poverty, defear poverty)。

  

  有關(guān)選擇項(xiàng)A和D,參閱本題對選擇項(xiàng)C的解釋。

  

  B不對。該選擇項(xiàng)表達(dá)的內(nèi)容本文沒有提到。

  

  56. [A]

  

  第二段提到,隨著國際互聯(lián)網(wǎng)越來越趨于商業(yè)化,普及上網(wǎng)會對商家有利,因?yàn)樯暇W(wǎng)的人越多,潛在的顧客人數(shù)就越多,因此,許多國家的政府惟恐落后于形勢,想要擴(kuò)大上網(wǎng)率。第二段最后一句指出,數(shù)字分化的縮小是一個好現(xiàn)象,因?yàn)椋瑖H互聯(lián)網(wǎng)很可能是我們迄今所擁有的戰(zhàn)勝貧困的最強(qiáng)有力的工具。所謂戰(zhàn)勝貧困即指使這些貧窮國家富裕起來。第三段第三句則直截了當(dāng)?shù)刂赋?,國際互聯(lián)網(wǎng)有巨大的(經(jīng)濟(jì))發(fā)展?jié)摿Α?/p>

  

  B意為:可以帶來海外投資。在第四段,作者建議貧窮國家在利用外資方面放棄一些過時(shí)的偏見-如殖民、侵犯主權(quán)等概念,積極利用外資建立自己的電子基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施,以便充分利用國際互聯(lián)網(wǎng)提供的機(jī)遇,走向富裕(better off)。這里的邏輯并不是互聯(lián)網(wǎng)帶來外資,而是利用外資發(fā)展網(wǎng)絡(luò)工程。

  

  C意為:能很快消滅貧困。雖然作者提到了國際互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的利用可能是戰(zhàn)勝貧困的工具,但這僅僅是一種潛在的力量,把這種力量轉(zhuǎn)化為現(xiàn)實(shí)則取決于不同國家的努力。

  

  D不對。正像上面所分析的,政府關(guān)注國際互聯(lián)網(wǎng)是因?yàn)樗鼮榻?jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展帶來的巨大潛力,而不僅僅是它將世界連成一片這個事實(shí)。

  

  57. [D]

  

  在第四段,美國和巴西的例子都用以說明拋棄過去的在利用外資上的錯誤觀念,充分利用外資建立電子基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的重要性,因?yàn)椋膫€國家在建設(shè)第三次浪潮(指目前正在進(jìn)行的信息產(chǎn)業(yè)革命)的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施上利用外資多,哪個國家就將變得更富裕(見第四段倒數(shù)第三句)。

  

  A意為;向海外提供資金援助。

  

  B意為:防止外資的控制。第四段最后兩句指出,利用外資并不意味著繳械或受愚弄,也不意味著放任外國公司肆意妄為,但是這的確意味著:對于利用外資建設(shè)能源和電信基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的重要性人們已有所認(rèn)識,而這些設(shè)施是充分利用國際互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的基礎(chǔ)。

  

  C意為:建立工業(yè)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。由以上的分析可以看出,本文提到的不是建立工業(yè)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的問題。

  

  58. [A]意為:其電子工業(yè)發(fā)展的程度e

  

  參閱對以上三個題的題解。

  

  B意為:它是否反對外來移民。

  

  C意為:它是否采用美國的產(chǎn)業(yè)模式。美國的例子僅僅是利用外資建設(shè)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的一個成功例子。

  

  D意為:它在多大程度上控制著外企。

  

  全文翻譯:

  

  今天,人們十分關(guān)注所謂的是信息差異問題-世界上信息資源豐富的地區(qū)和信息資源貧乏的地區(qū)之間的差異;這個差異確實(shí)存在,我和我妻子20年前就曾談及這個臨近的危險(xiǎn)。然而,那時(shí)還不太明顯的是一些抵制信息差異的、新的積極因素。實(shí)際上我們是完全有理由感到樂觀的。

  

  一些技術(shù)上的因素使我們有理由期望差異會縮小。隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的日趨商業(yè)化,上網(wǎng)普及對商家是有利的-畢竟,上網(wǎng)人數(shù)越多,潛在的客戶就越多。越來越多的政府,惟恐自己的國家落后,紛紛推廣互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的普及。一二十年之內(nèi),全球?qū)⒂幸欢畠|人互聯(lián)。因此,我認(rèn)為在未來的數(shù)年中,信息差異將縮小而不會變大。那是好消息,因?yàn)榛ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)很可能成為我們消除所面臨的貧困的最強(qiáng)有效的工具。

  

  當(dāng)然,使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)不是惟一消滅貧困的方法。互聯(lián)網(wǎng)也不是我們所擁有的惟一工具,但它卻有巨大的潛力。

  

  要想利用互聯(lián)網(wǎng),某些貧困國家必須克服對國外投資所持的過時(shí)了的反殖民的種種偏見。那些認(rèn)為外國投資是對本國主權(quán)的侵犯的國家最好還是研究一下美國的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施(社會的基本結(jié)構(gòu)基礎(chǔ))建設(shè)歷史。當(dāng)初美國建設(shè)自己的工業(yè)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施時(shí),缺乏必要的資金,因此美國的第二次浪潮基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施-包括公路、港口,高速公路、港口城市等等-都是用國外資金建造的。英國人、德國人、荷蘭人和法國人都在前英國殖民地投資。他們提供資金,美洲移民建造。想想看,現(xiàn)在誰擁有這一切?美國人。我想,在這件事上,像巴西或其他任何地方同樣也該這樣。你擁有的去建造第三次浪潮基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施(今天主要指電子基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)的外國資金越多,那么你的情況就越好。這并不是說卑躬屈膝,任人愚弄,也不是對外國公司不加控制。但這的確意味著你已認(rèn)識到外國公司對本國能源及通信基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)的重要性,這些基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施是充分利用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)所必要的。

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