2011考研英語(yǔ)模擬試題12篇(附全文翻譯)_跨考網(wǎng)

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????SectionⅠUse of English
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????Directions：
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????Read the following text. Choose the best word(s)from each numbered blank and mark A，B，C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)
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????一、美陪審團(tuán)制度
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????As former colonists of Great Britain，the Founding Fathers of the United States adopted much of the legal system of Great Britain. We have a“common law”，or law made by courts__1__a monarch or other central governmental__2__like a legislature. The jury，a__3__of ordinary citizens chosen to decide a case，is an__4__ part of our common-law system.
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????Use of juries to decide cases is a__5__feature of the American legal system. Few other countries in the world use juries as we do in the United States.__6__the centuries，many people have believed that juries in most cases reach a fairer and more just result__7__would be obtained using a judge__8__，as many countries do.__9__a jury decides cases after“__10__”，or discussions among a group of people，the jury‘s decision is likely to have the__11__ from many different people from different backgrounds，who must as a group decide what is right.
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????Juries are used in both civil cases，which decide__12__ among__13__ citizens，and criminal cases，which decide cases brought by the government __14__ that individuals have committed crimes. Juries are selected from the U.S. citizens and__15__. Jurors，consisting of __16__ numbers，are called for each case requiring a jury.
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????The judge__17__to the case__18__the selection of jurors to serve as the jury for that case. In some states，__19__jurors are questioned by the judge;in others，they are questioned by the lawyers representing the__20__under rules dictated by state law.
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????1. [A] other than [B] rather than [C] more than [D] or rather
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????2. [A] agency [B] organization [C] institution [D] authority
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????3. [A] panel [B] crew [C] band [D] flock
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????4. [A] innate [B] intact [C] integral [D] integrated
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????5. [A]discriminating[B] distinguishing [C] determining [D] diminishing
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????6. [A] in [B] by [C] after [D] over
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????7. [A] that [B] which [C] than [D] as
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????8. [A] alike [B] alone [C] altogether [D] apart
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????9. [A] Although [B] Because [C] If [D] While
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????10.[A] deliberations [B] meditations [C] reflections [D] speculations
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????11.[A] outline [B] outcome [C] input [D] intake
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????12.[A] arguments [B] controversies [C] disputes [D] hostilities
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????13.[A] fellow [B] individual [C] personal [D] private
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????14.[A] asserting [B] alleging [C] maintaining [D] testifying
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????15.[A] assembled [B] evoked [C] rallied [D] summoned
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????16.[A] set [B] exact [C] given [D] placed
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????17.[A] allocated [B] allotted [C] appointed [D] assigned
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????18.[A] administers [B] manages [C] oversees [D] presides
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????19.[A] inspective [B] irrespective [C] perspective [D] prospective
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????20.[A] bodies [B] parties [C] sides [D] units
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????答案
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????1. B 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. B 6. D 7.C 8.B 9. B 10. A
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????11. C 12. C 13.D 14.B 15. D 16. A 17. D 18. C 19. D 20. B
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????總體分析
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????本文介紹了美國(guó)的陪審團(tuán)制度。第一段指出，陪審團(tuán)是美國(guó)共同法系統(tǒng)的基本組成部分。第二段分析了使用陪審團(tuán)的原因。第三和四段分別介紹了陪審團(tuán)的類(lèi)型和選舉程序。
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????全文翻譯
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????美國(guó)的建國(guó)之父?jìng)冏鳛榇笥⒌蹏?guó)的前殖民者沿襲了其法律系統(tǒng)。我們有“共同法”，即由法庭而非君主或其他像立法機(jī)關(guān)這樣的中央政府權(quán)利機(jī)關(guān)制定的法律。陪審團(tuán)由一群選來(lái)裁決案件的普通公民組成，是我們共同法系統(tǒng)基本的組成部分。
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????使用陪審團(tuán)裁決案件是美國(guó)法律系統(tǒng)的一個(gè)顯著特征。在世界上很少有其他國(guó)家和美國(guó)一樣使用陪審團(tuán)。幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái)，許多人已經(jīng)相信在大多數(shù)情況下陪審團(tuán)比許多國(guó)家那樣單獨(dú)使用一位法官達(dá)成的結(jié)果更公平、公正。因?yàn)榕銓張F(tuán)裁決案件是在一群人“審議”或討論后，因此他們的決定可能受到不同背景的不同人的影響，這些人必須作為一個(gè)團(tuán)體來(lái)決定什么是正確的。
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????陪審團(tuán)既被用在裁決普通公民之間糾紛的民事案件中，也用在裁決政府提出訟訴聲稱(chēng)個(gè)人犯罪的刑事案件中。陪審團(tuán)成員從美國(guó)公民中選出并被傳喚。由固定人數(shù)組成的陪審團(tuán)在每一個(gè)需要陪審團(tuán)的案件中都會(huì)被召喚。
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????被指派負(fù)責(zé)案件的法官監(jiān)督陪審團(tuán)成員的選舉。在一些州，未來(lái)的陪審團(tuán)成員由法官詢(xún)問(wèn)，而在另一些州，他們遵照州法律規(guī)定的法規(guī)接受代表各方當(dāng)事人的律師的詢(xún)問(wèn)。
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????二、英國(guó)車(chē)速監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)
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????The Treasury could pocket 20 million a year in extra fines once the country‘s speed camera network is expanded. Motoring organizations warned that the __1__could become a poll tax on wheels’，__2__huge number of drivers. There could be many more incidents of vandalism __3__cameras.The warnings came__4__a Daily Mail survey found almost all the 23 police forces in England and Wales were either__5__to expansion plans or considering __6__.
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????Nationwide，the number of speeding tickets is expected to treble，__7__ 90 million a year.__8__the scheme，police keep some of the cash from fines to __9__the costs of fitting and maintaining extra cameras and__10__that existing ones always have film in them. The rest will go to the Treasury. Both Ministers and police insist the scheme is aimed__11__at making roads safer. They point to trials in eight areas which cut collisions by a quarter and deaths and serious injuries by __12__a half.
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????But motoring organizations fear cameras will be sited on relatively safe__13__fast stretches to catch as many drivers as possible. Some forces are also expected to__14__the“threshold”speeds at which cameras are__15__to the absolute legal minimum-15 mph in a 10 mph limit，and 26 mph in a 20 mph zone. This could encourage drivers to stare at their speedometers instead of concentrating on the road，and __16__to more accidents. Sue Nicholson，head of campaigns at the RAC，said，“We don‘t have a problem with speed cameras __17__. But we do have concerns about__18__they are sited. Police risk losing credibility __19__motorists if cameras are seen as revenue-raising __20__safety devices.”
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????1. [A] promotions [B] punishments [C] penalties [D] payments
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????2. [A] isolating [B] separating [C] alienating [D] detaching
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????3. [A] towards [B] against [C] before [D] over
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????4. [A] so [B] once [C] as [D] where
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????5. [A] subjected [B] engaged [C] intended [D] committed
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????6. [A] taking part [B] keeping silence [C] making exception [D] paying respect
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????7. [A] financing [B] profiting [C] funding [D] netting
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????8. [A] From [B] Under [C] On [D] With
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????9. [A] hide [B] cover [C] conceal [D] veil
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????10. [A] pledging [B] assuring [C] confirming [D] ensuring
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????11. [A] essentially [B] strongly [C] wholeheartedly [D] purely
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????12. [A] in all [B] fewer than [C] at most [D] up to
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????13. [A] but [B] whereas [C] though [D] while
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????14. [A] fit [B] put [C] set [D] fix
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????15. [A] levered [B] geared [C] handled [D] triggered
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????16. [A] lead [B] add [C] contribute [D] resort
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????17. [A] any less [B] by itself [C] after all [D] as such
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????18. [A] who [B] when [C] where [D] which
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????19. [A] in [B] with [C] against [D] for
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????20. [A] in spite of [B] far from [C] rather than [D] by means of
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????答案
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????1. C 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. D 6. A 7. D 8. B 9.B 10. D
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????11. D 12.D 13. A 14. C 15. B 16. A 17. D 18. C 19.B 20.C
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????總體分析
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????本文講述了英國(guó)車(chē)速監(jiān)控?cái)z像體系擴(kuò)張計(jì)劃的內(nèi)容及影響，著重闡述了這一計(jì)劃的支持者(警察和財(cái)政部門(mén))和反對(duì)者(機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)管理機(jī)構(gòu))的觀(guān)點(diǎn)。
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????全文翻譯
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????一旦擴(kuò)大車(chē)速監(jiān)控?cái)z像體系，這個(gè)國(guó)家財(cái)政部每年就能從罰款中額外增加2000萬(wàn)收入。機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)管理機(jī)構(gòu)警告說(shuō)這種罰款可能變成對(duì)汽車(chē)征收的人頭稅，從而疏遠(yuǎn)很多駕駛者。也可能出現(xiàn)更多破壞攝像機(jī)的事件。警告出現(xiàn)的同時(shí)，《每日郵報(bào)》的調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)英格蘭和威爾士的23支警力幾乎都有所行動(dòng)，不是致力于部署監(jiān)控體系的擴(kuò)張計(jì)劃，就是在考慮加入其中。
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????預(yù)計(jì)(在實(shí)施監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)后)全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)違章超速行駛的罰單數(shù)量會(huì)增加兩倍，罰金數(shù)目一年達(dá)9000萬(wàn)。按照計(jì)劃，警察保留一部分罰金用以支付安裝和維修新攝像機(jī)的費(fèi)用，并且保證現(xiàn)有的攝像機(jī)中總是裝有膠卷。其余的罰金將上繳財(cái)政部。財(cái)政部長(zhǎng)們和警察都堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為該計(jì)劃的目的是提高公路的安全性。他們指出八個(gè)試點(diǎn)地區(qū)撞車(chē)事故減少了四分之一，嚴(yán)重傷亡事故減少至一半。
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????但是機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)管理機(jī)構(gòu)擔(dān)心警察為了多開(kāi)罰單會(huì)把攝像機(jī)裝在相對(duì)安全但行車(chē)速度較快的直行道上，還會(huì)為車(chē)速監(jiān)控?cái)z像機(jī)設(shè)置最低合法車(chē)速標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，如把正常的每小時(shí)10英里限速提高到每小時(shí)15英里，每小時(shí)20英里限速提高到每小時(shí)26英里。這樣做會(huì)使司機(jī)盯著自己的里程計(jì)而不把精力集中到路面上，從而引發(fā)更多的交通事故。英國(guó)皇家汽車(chē)俱樂(lè)部(RAC)活動(dòng)負(fù)責(zé)人休。尼科爾森說(shuō)，“嚴(yán)格上說(shuō)，我們對(duì)車(chē)速監(jiān)控?cái)z像機(jī)并無(wú)意見(jiàn)，我們擔(dān)憂(yōu)的是它們被安放的地點(diǎn)。如果把監(jiān)控?cái)z像機(jī)視為(政府)聚斂財(cái)政收入的手段而不是安全設(shè)施，那么警察就可能喪失他們?cè)隈{駛者心目中的威信”。