2014考研英語復(fù)習(xí)：教你破解“新題型”_跨考網(wǎng)

　　從考研英語閱讀部分增設(shè)了“新題型”，旨在“考查考生對諸如連貫性、一致性等語段特征及文章結(jié)構(gòu)的理解”，題量設(shè)置為5道題目，總分值為10分。在最近的幾期班開課伊始，陸續(xù)收到學(xué)生的郵件，問能否把新題型放在閱讀課堂的最初幾節(jié)課去講，原因是“新題型太難，完全摸不著頭緒，而且分值又高!”——這樣的問題，非常具有代表性，反映了相當(dāng)一部分考生對新題型由于陌生感而產(chǎn)生的恐懼感，由恐懼感而導(dǎo)致的無力感!實際上，考生對新題型部分的控制能力從新題型部分的平均得分不足4.5分亦可見一斑。

　　那么，對于那些有志于在考研英語的閱讀中“錙銖必較”、力爭高分，面對新題型卻又無所適從的學(xué)生，我感到有必要在這里進一言：善用閱讀老方法，破解考研新題型!》》2014考研英語復(fù)習(xí)指導(dǎo)

　　考生怎樣才能把看似七零八落的段落重新合理歸位呢?總的來講，必須從上下文內(nèi)容的連貫性、邏輯的一致性兩方面入手，大膽假設(shè)、小心求證，以期一一破解。

　　相關(guān)推薦：2014考研復(fù)習(xí)全年規(guī)劃

　　就以下面的這篇大綱樣題為例：

　　Long before Man lived on the Earth, there were fishes, reptiles, birds, insects, and some mammals. Although some of these animals were ancestors of kinds living today, others are now extinct, that is, they have no descendants alive now. 41)_ ____.

　　Very occasionally the rocks show impression of skin, so that, apart from color, we can build up a reasonably accurate picture of an animal that died millions of years ago. The kind of rock in which the remains are found tells us much about the nature of the original land, often of the plants that grew on it, and even of its climate.

　　42)____ _. Nearly all of the fossils that we know were preserved in rocks formed by water action, and most of these are of animals that lived in or near water. Thus it follows that there must be many kinds of mammals, birds, and insects of which we know nothing.

　　43)____ _. There are also crab-like creatures, whose bodies were covered with a horny substance. The body segments each had two pairs of legs, one pair for walking on the sandy bottom, the other for swimming. The head was a kind of shield with a pair of compound eyes, often with thousands of lenses. They were usually an inch or two long but some were 2 feet.

　　44)__ ___. Of these, the ammonites are very interesting and important. They have a shell composed of many chambers, each representing a temporary home of the animal. As the young grew larger it grew a new chamber and sealed off the previous one. Thousands of these can be seen in the rocks on the Dorset Coast.

　　45)_ ____. About 75 million years ago the Age of Reptiles was over and most of the groups died out. The mammals quickly developed, and we can trace the evolution of many familiar animals such as the elephant and horse. Many of the later mammals, though now extinct, were known to primitive man and were featured by him in cave paintings and on bone carvings.

　　[A] The shellfish have a long history in the rock and many different kinds are known.

　　[B] Nevertheless, we know a great deal about many of them because their bones and shells have been preserved in the rocks as fossils. From them we can tell their size and shape, how they walked, the kind of food they ate.

　　[C] The first animals with true backbones were the fishes, first known in the rocks of 375 million years ago. About 300 million years ago the amphibians, the animals able to live both on land and in water, appeared. They were giant, sometimes 8 feet long, and many of them lived in the swampy pools in which our coal seam, or layer, or formed. The amphibians gave rise to the reptiles and for nearly 150 million years these were the principal forms of life on land, in the sea, and in the air.

　　[D] The best index fossils tend to be marine creatures. These animals evolved rapidly and spread over large areas of the world.

　　[E] The earliest animals whose remains have been found were all very simple kinds and lived in the sea. Later forms are more complex, and among these are the sea-lilies, relations of the starfishes, which had long arms and were attached by a long stalk to the sea bed, or to rocks.

　　[F] When an animal dies, the body, its bones, or shell, may often be carried away by streams into lakes or the sea and there get covered up by mud. If the animal lived in the sea its body would probably sink and be covered with mud. More and more mud would fall upon it until the bones or shell become embedded and preserved.

　　[G] Many factors can influence how fossils are preserved in rocks. Remains of an organism may be replaced by minerals, dissolved by an acidic solution to leave only their impression, or simply reduced to a more stable form.

　　我們一起來分析41題的做法，按照PART A部分的閱讀方法，通過閱讀該空缺前面的段落，我們能夠抓住的重要信息是：Although some of these animals were ancestors of kinds living today, others are now extinct. 同理，空缺之后的段落告訴我們的重要信息是：Very occasionally the rocks show impression of skin, so that, apart from color, we can build up a reasonably accurate picture of an animal that died millions of years ago.

　　對比空缺前后的兩個重要信息之后不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，extinct和a reasonably accurate構(gòu)成了一對矛盾，要解決這一矛盾，我們可以大膽假設(shè)：在空缺的段落處必然發(fā)生過一次轉(zhuǎn)折，否則，文章內(nèi)容的連貫性和邏輯性就無法保證?；谶@一假設(shè)，我們?nèi)ブ鹨粸g覽選項，會迅速定位到B項一個明確的標(biāo)志詞Nevertheless，恰好傳遞了“強轉(zhuǎn)折”的邏輯意味。將B項帶回原文通讀，發(fā)現(xiàn)其無論是內(nèi)容還是邏輯上都符合行文的要求。因此可斷定為正確項。

　　當(dāng)然，對文章的邏輯性不夠敏感的學(xué)生，還可以通過內(nèi)容的詞匯線索著手。如前所述，通過對比空缺前后的段落我們發(fā)現(xiàn)extinct和a reasonably accurate構(gòu)成了一對矛盾，進一步研讀空缺后面的段落，結(jié)合該段主題句，遵循中心詞匯重現(xiàn)原則，不難定位到該段的關(guān)鍵詞rock。據(jù)此我們可以大膽假設(shè)：在空缺的段落處也必然出現(xiàn)過rock這一名詞，而且段落內(nèi)容與本段具有前后關(guān)聯(lián)性?；谶@一假設(shè)，及帶回原文通讀，也可以最終確定正確項為B。

　　同理，通過對各空缺前后段落的研讀及內(nèi)容、邏輯關(guān)系特征詞的尋找，進而與選項相關(guān)特征詞加以匹配，42到45題可逐一破解。在這里因篇幅所限，不再一一展開。