2015考研英語考場答題黃金法則

　　考試即將臨近，同學(xué)們在上場前在牢記一下做題的黃金法則吧，遇到難題怪題心里不慌張，尤其對(duì)于試卷中的客觀題，一旦不會(huì)做，要善于啟用迂回戰(zhàn)術(shù)拿分。所謂迂回戰(zhàn)術(shù)就是利用選擇題本身正確答案的特征和規(guī)律，進(jìn)行科學(xué)的猜蒙。

　　一、閱讀理解正確選項(xiàng)特征要牢記

　　1.正確答案必須符合文章中心及作者的立場

　　符合文章中心思想或作者立場的是正確答案。如果某一選項(xiàng)與中心思想一致，它很可能是正確答案。

　　2.合常理，合邏輯為正確答案的幾率較大

　　閱讀理解的選項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)的是對(duì)文章的理解而且考研的文章摘自于西方的公開的期刊雜志，文章的體裁通常都是議論文或說明文，所以正確選項(xiàng)必然也應(yīng)是合科學(xué)性和邏輯性的觀點(diǎn)，而且研究生入學(xué)考試作為國內(nèi)較高層次的考試，試題的命制自然需對(duì)考生是積極向上的導(dǎo)向。

　　3.表達(dá)留有余地，含義不肯定的為正確答案的幾率較大

　　含義肯定、絕對(duì)的一般不是答案，含義不肯定的可能是答案。這是由于一旦把自己的觀點(diǎn)過于絕對(duì)化，當(dāng)新的異常情況發(fā)生，就會(huì)陷入無可挽回的余地，而不肯定的選項(xiàng)卻因?yàn)楹w面寬，容易成為答案。

　　4.概括的可以統(tǒng)領(lǐng)全部文意的是解，考查考生的理解歸納能力

　　簡單具體，含義膚淺的不是答案，抽象、概括、深刻的可能是答案。

　　5.同義替換的一般是正確答案，照抄原文的不是正確答案

　　"偷天換日"是出題人常用的伎倆，利用考生做題時(shí)間緊，很多細(xì)節(jié)來不及細(xì)看，甚至來不及將所有的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)看完這一薄弱之處，將干擾項(xiàng)做成與原文句子結(jié)構(gòu)及詞匯都幾乎一模一樣的形式，只略微改動(dòng)其中的一個(gè)詞或幾個(gè)詞，從而造成意思上的變化;或者利用原文中的詞來偽造選項(xiàng)或斷章取義，使干擾項(xiàng)亦真亦假，是非難辨。這種干擾項(xiàng)多半是前半句甚至是前大半句是原文內(nèi)容，只是換個(gè)最后幾個(gè)詞，讓人防不勝防。我們在做題時(shí)就得心中有數(shù)，對(duì)照抄原文的選項(xiàng)要小心上當(dāng)，而需對(duì)原文詞句的同義替換選項(xiàng)敏感。

　　二、牢記完型優(yōu)選詞，扭轉(zhuǎn)乾坤

　　通過對(duì)歷年真題的研究，完形填空中"however，for，while，whereas，subject，available，affect，access"容易作為正確選項(xiàng)，可以優(yōu)先選擇。如果試題中出現(xiàn)優(yōu)選詞，再根據(jù)正確選項(xiàng)分布規(guī)律(A，B，C，D均勻分配;任何一個(gè)選項(xiàng)不能連續(xù)為三個(gè))，進(jìn)行答案確定。

　　三、熟知新題型重點(diǎn)考查題型，明確快速解題

　　英語一今年必考段落排序題和完型填句(段)題，兩種題型形式看似不同，解題思路實(shí)則相同。這兩種題型全部做對(duì)可能性較低，但是獲取8分是考生們的目標(biāo)。拿分策略如下：

　　各位同學(xué)要認(rèn)真記憶核心論證素材和句子，以便考試中遇到相似情境，進(jìn)行套用，盡量減少現(xiàn)場原創(chuàng)。以下提供考前需要背誦的重要素材，同學(xué)們的學(xué)習(xí)方法是：以最快速度記憶，然后默寫。這些材料在考試中，可以作為有效論證或原因分析的材料，幫助我們快速寫好第二段或第三段。

　　重點(diǎn)主題1：個(gè)人品質(zhì)

　　主要論述某種品質(zhì)的重要作用，比如獨(dú)立能力(the ability of independence)適應(yīng)環(huán)境(adaptation to the environment)、堅(jiān)持(persistence)、創(chuàng)新(creativity/innovation)、勇氣/膽識(shí)(courage)等。這類主題既可單獨(dú)考，也可以融合到其他主題中做論據(jù)。(提示：英一和英二都要重視)

　　To begin with, "主題詞" should always play a significant role in our life and work. All of us are eager to be successful in whatever we do. In fact, only those who have the ability of主題詞 in doing enough to encounter challenges of all sorts are most likely to reach the summit of success.

　　Furthermore, the 主題詞 also spirits the young people up, keeps them mentally vigorous and endows them the power of solving any problems in the way to the success. According to a report released recently by Chinese Institute for Educational Research, most successful entrepreneurs such as Ma Yun ascribe their achievement to some important traits, with 主題詞 being one of them.(提示：觀點(diǎn)1主題的重要性;觀點(diǎn)2編一個(gè)統(tǒng)計(jì)調(diào)查)

　　According to Theory of Need put forward by the famous modern psychologist Maslow, everyone has the need for love/self-esteem/self-actualization/success. It is out of dispute that主題詞as a key factor to our success both in study and work contributes greatly to this …. (提示：馬斯洛需求理論可以通用在品質(zhì)類的任何具體話題中。)

　　重點(diǎn)主題2：可持續(xù)發(fā)展(sustainable development)(節(jié)約、資源保護(hù)、低碳生活)(提示：英語一/二都可用)

　　以下以節(jié)約為例給出論證素材，同類話題可以直接改寫套用

　　Thrift, as is known to all, is considered one of the merits that we should have. It is this merit that helps to reduce the amount of time/money/space consumed in our daily life. A community with clear awareness of saving water/… is always praised as a highly civilized society and a good model for others to learn from. (提示：節(jié)約的意義)

　　Waste, as is known to all, is one of the poor habits we should not have. It is this habit that definitely results in the extravagance of natural resource/limited time/money. A community with vague or even no awareness of thrift is undoubtedly a lowly civilized society and is surely to be regarded as a negative case to learn a lesson from. The waste and extravagance have become increasingly serious in China. We can often encounter a scene where papers, bottles and cans are thrown away after use, food is wasted just because of poor taste, or clothes are discarded simply due to their old fashion. Not only do we squander things and money, but also we lose our sense of conservation. (提示：浪費(fèi)的害處)

　　核心表達(dá)：節(jié)約：save, cherish, thrift(n.), conservation(n.); 浪費(fèi)：waste, squander, extravagance(n.);emission of carbon碳排放;low carbon life低碳生活，carbon dioxide 二氧化碳，green economy 綠色經(jīng)濟(jì)，the amount of carbon emission 碳排放量，water shortage 水資源短缺，green waste pick-ups 綠色垃圾回收

　　重點(diǎn)主題3：新通訊科技 VS. 傳統(tǒng)媒介

　　這類話題考查角度包括信息安全、網(wǎng)絡(luò)謠言、疏遠(yuǎn)人際關(guān)系等社會(huì)熱點(diǎn);也可以與經(jīng)濟(jì)、教育相關(guān)，如互聯(lián)網(wǎng)教育、網(wǎng)絡(luò)消費(fèi)等

　　角度1：(提示：分析信息需要甄別的原因;遷移到學(xué)習(xí)上，先篩選知識(shí)，再進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí))

　　The advanced network technology has provided people with such convenient communication tools as BBS, Micro blogs, QQ, and e-mail, which will promote the spread/diffusion of false information or even rumors. So, each day a large number of messages through different means of information are sent. Some of them are real and valuable, and some of them false and misleading. Judged from this respect, to build up the ability of filter out the useful information is the key factor to enhance the effective process of information.

　　Overwhelmed by the ever-increasing knowledge, we cannot help considering how to choose the knowledge we really need and absorb it in as effective a manner as possible. The answer is, surely, to establish and specify the standards of the knowledge we seek for, search out the categories of information according to the standards, and make the judgment which categories are the needy ones before we go to details.

　　角度2：理性對(duì)待通訊設(shè)備

　　First of all, although cell phones really provide us with entertainment, relaxation and so on, excessive reliance on the cell phones weakens relationships by reducing and sometimes eliminating normal opportunities for talking, for communicating, which is so important in maintaining the healthy relationship between friends, family and so on. Thus, it will make people mentally farther and farther away from each other.

　　Next, undeniably, the cell phone gives us rich information/great convenience/instant communication/…, however, we can easily find the more we depend on …, the less able we become to acquire more information/greater convenience/deep communication independently. The excessive use of "cell phone" distorts the sense of time, and renders other experiences vague and curiously unreal.

　　核心表達(dá)：

　　immense information信息海洋，a great amount knowledge大量知識(shí)，rumor謠言，filter out篩選，make the judgment判斷;cell phone手機(jī)，micro blog微博，micro message微信，a crazy cell phone user手機(jī)控(提示：核心表達(dá))