2017考研英語語法難點歸納:形容詞、副詞及比較級最高級

(二) 形容詞、副詞及比較級最高級

一.形容詞的修飾與位置

一般來說，從構(gòu)詞法角度來看，后綴”ly”往往是副詞，但有的以“ly’結(jié)尾的詞是形容詞而不是副詞，這點要注意;形容詞一般可以在句子中做定語，表語等成份，但有些形容詞在句子中只能做表語和只能做前置定語;這些形容詞在修飾時候有一定的特殊性要引起大家的注意，下面做了一下歸納：

1 以-ly結(jié)尾的是形容詞而不是副詞：

costly 昂貴的 lonely 孤獨的

deadly 死一般的 lively 活潑的

friendly 友好的 silly 傻氣的

kindly 熱心腸的 likely 可能的

leisurely 悠閑的 ugly 長得丑的

brotherly 兄弟般的 monthly 每月的

earthly 塵世的

2 只作以“a”開頭的很多形容詞只能做表語：

afraid 害怕的 alike 相象的

awake 醒著的 alone 單獨的，惟一的

alive 活著的 ashamed 羞愧的

asleep 睡著的 aware 意識到的、察覺到的

well 健康的 content 滿意的

unable 無能的

3 只作前置定語的形容詞

earthen 泥土做的，大地的 daily 每日的 latter 后面的

golden 金子般的 weekly 每周的 inner 里面的

silken 絲一般的 monthly 每月的 outer 外面的

wooden 木制的 yearly 每年的 elder 年長的

woolen 毛織的 former 前任的 mere 僅，只不過

only 惟一的 sheer 純粹的 very 恰好的

little 小的 live 活的

4.下列動詞既是實義動詞又是系動詞，注意用做系動詞時，要求形容詞做表語：

remain keep become, get, grow, go, come, turn, stay, stand, run, prove, seem, appear, look。

如：All those left undone may sound great in theory, but even the truest believer has great difficulty when it comes to specifics.

二.形容詞與副詞的比較級與最高級

1. 考比較級時，考生應把握：

1)形容詞和副詞比較級的形式是否和比較連詞對應出現(xiàn)，即是否符合原級比較及比較級的結(jié)構(gòu)。如：

Do you enjoy listening to records? I find records are often , or better than an actual performance.

[A]as good as [B]as good [C]good [D]good as

在這里as good as 比較連詞與better than比較連詞同時出現(xiàn)時候，不能省略任何一個介詞。答案為A

On the whole, ambitious students are more likely to succeed in their studies than are those with little ambition.

2)比較的成分是否屬于同類事物或同類概念，既是說比較要具有可比性。如：

The number of registered participants in this year’s marathon was half .

[A] of last year’s [B]those of last year’s

[C]of those of last year [D] that of last year’s

(前后相比的應該是今年和去年注冊參加的人數(shù)“the number of”故代替它的應該是單數(shù)指示代詞“that”，而不能選擇B，those是指代participants，不是同類對比，答案為D。

Young readers, more often than not, find the novels of dickens far more exciting than Thackeray’s.

3)比較級與倍數(shù)詞關(guān)系及其位置

原級結(jié)構(gòu)中可插入表達倍數(shù)的詞，表示為“為….若干倍”,當與有表示倍數(shù)比較的詞在一起時候等，他們的位置是，倍數(shù)詞+as…as…,或倍數(shù)詞+more…than…，但again一般放在原級詞之后，即 “as+原級+again+as”.如：

Smoking is so harmful to personal health that it kills people each year than automobile accidents.

[A] seven more times [B] seven times more

[C] over seven times [D] seven times

(答案為B)

“Do you regret paying five hundred dollars for the painting?”“No, I would gladly have paid for it.”

[A] twice so much [B] twice as much

[C] as much twice [D] so much twice

(答案為B)

My uncle is as old again as I am

4)下列詞和短語不用比較級形式卻表示比較概念：

inferior, minor, senior, prior, prefer to, superior, major, junior, preferable, differ from, compared with, in comparison with, different from, rather than. 如：

Their watch is to all the other watches on the market.

[A] superior [B] advantageous [C] super [D] beneficial

(答案為A)

Prior to his departure, he addressed a letter to his daughter. (1986年考研題)

5)“比較級+and +比較級”或“more and more/less and less +原級”以及“ever, steadily, daily等副詞+比較級”結(jié)構(gòu)表示“越來越……”的意思，與這類結(jié)構(gòu)搭配的常用動詞有g(shù)row, get ,become等。前面兩種情況更多地出現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài)中，注意的是這三種情況引導的比較級后面都不需要用than.如：

Things are getting worse and worse.

As I spoke to him he became less and less angry.

Her health was becoming daily worse

The road got ever worse until there was no road at all = the road got worse and worse.

6)比較級前面可以用even, still, yet ,all the (more)等修飾語用以加強語氣，表示“更加”的意思。如

Today it is even colder than yesterday

I have yet more exciting news for you

7) 有關(guān)比較級的特殊句型：

A): not so much…as…與其說……不如說……

The chief reason for the population growth isn’t so much a rise in birth rates a fall in death rates as a result of improvements in medical care.

[A] and [B] as [C]but [D] or

人口增長的主要原因與其說是因為出生率的提高，還不如說是因為醫(yī)療的進步帶來的死亡率下降的結(jié)果。答案為B

B) no/not any more…than…兩者一樣都不……

The heart is intelligent than the stomach, for they are both controlled by the brain.

[A] not so [B]not much [C]much more [D] no more

(心臟和胃兩者都不具有智力，他們都受大腦控制。答案為D)

There is no reason they should limit how much vitamin you take, they can limit how much water you drink.

[A] much more than [B] no more than

[C] no less than [D] any more than

(答案為D)

C)no/not any less…than…兩者一樣,都……注意基本上與no/not any more…than意思相反

She is no less beautiful than her sister.她和她姐姐一樣漂亮

D)just as… so… 正如……， ……也……(用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu))

Just as the soil is a part of the earth, the atmosphere.

[A] as it is [B] the same is [C] so is [D] and so is

(答案為C)

2.最高級形式應注意的問題：

1)最高級比較范圍用介詞in, over, of, among。

in, (all) over用于在某一范圍內(nèi)的比較，如：in China, all over the world.

of, among用于在同一群體內(nèi)同類事物的比較，如：among the teachers, of the four dresses.

注意：among…相當于one of …,不說among all…。這一點考生應與漢語表達區(qū)別開來

如：

all visible lights, red light has the longest and violet the shortest wavelength.

[A] Among [B] Of [C]For [D]To 答案為[B]

2)比較級形式表示最高級意義時，比較對象的范圍應用：

any other +單數(shù)名詞

the other +復數(shù)名詞

the others

anyone/anything else

上述詞是用業(yè)將比較級結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)變成最高級意義的關(guān)鍵詞語，切不可遺漏，尤其是other，否則會造成邏輯混亂的錯誤。如不能說：John runs faster than anyone.注意與漢語表達的不同。

3)most可以用來修飾形容詞或副詞，意思相當于very，用法區(qū)分單復數(shù)，但不能用定冠詞the，如：a most interesting book, most expensive restaurants， 要注意與 “the +形容詞最高級+of + 名詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)表示的最高級的區(qū)別，如：

He spoke in the warmest of voices

They have been most kind to me

Basketball is the most popular of sports in this country.

Chinese is the most difficult of language

Chinese is a most difficult language

三.不用比較級和最高級的形容詞：

1)表示顏色的有：white, black

2)表示形態(tài)的有：round, square, oval, circular, triangular(三角形)，level

3)表示性質(zhì)和特征的有：atomic, economic, scientific, sonic, golden, silvery, woolen, earthen, silent, full, empty, sure, dead, deaf, blind, lame, rainy

4)表示狀態(tài)作表語的有：afraid, asleep, alive, ashamed, alone, aware, alike

5)表示時間、空間和方位的有：daily, weekly, monthly, annual, present, front, back, forward, backward, east, west, south, north, left, right, final

6)表示極限、主次、等級的有：maximum, minimum, utmost, main, major, chief minor, superior, inferior, senior, junior, super, favorite

7)含有絕對概念的有：absolute, entire, whole, total, perfect, excellent, thorough, complete.

四.平行結(jié)構(gòu)與比較級

平行結(jié)構(gòu)很多情況下是由形容詞或副詞的比較級或者暗含比較意味的連詞引導的。如：

The ideal listener stays both inside and outside the music at the moment it is played and enjoys it almost as much as the composer at the moment he composes.

大多數(shù)情況下平行結(jié)構(gòu)都是具有一定的比較含義的，有的是遞進對比not only…but (also) ;prefer…to…;rather than有的是同類對比：and ;but;or;both… and…;either…or…; neither…nor…..

平行結(jié)構(gòu)測試時候注意以下幾點：

1.注意比較結(jié)構(gòu)中相比較的內(nèi)容在語法形式上是否相同。如：

It is better to die one’s feet than .

[A]living on one’s knees [B]live on one’s knees

[C]on one’s knees [D]to live on one’s knees

(答案為D)

Despite the temporary difficulties, the manager prefers increasing the output to decreasing it.

2.其他具有并列或比較意義的短語也可引導平行結(jié)構(gòu)。

1)rather than, let alone 雖不是并列連詞，但在結(jié)構(gòu)上連接兩個語法形式相同的成分。如：

We are taught that a business letter should be written in a formal style in a personal style.

[A]rather than [B]other than [C]better than [D]less than

答案為A

For the new country to survive, for its people to enjoy prosperity, new economic policies will be required.

[A] to name a few [B]let alone [C]not to speak [D]let’s say

(答案為B)

2)如果平行的兩個成分在形式上是介詞短語，而且介詞相同，一般說來第二個介詞不要省略。如：

At times, more care goes into the composition of newspaper and magazine advertisements than into the writing of the features and editorials.