2020考研英語(yǔ)翻譯技巧之：【修飾減詞】

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　　翻譯題型應(yīng)該是整個(gè)復(fù)習(xí)過(guò)程中的一大難點(diǎn)。很多同學(xué)在做題中除了覺得自己的詞匯和語(yǔ)法基礎(chǔ)不夠好之外，同時(shí)會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的翻譯技巧和翻譯修養(yǎng)也同樣不到位，不知道到該如何下手，一直刷題沒(méi)有重點(diǎn)也很難取得良好的效果。下面為大家分享考研英語(yǔ)翻譯技巧之修飾減詞，希望大家能夠?qū)W以致用。

　　翻譯時(shí)常常有必要在譯文的詞量上作適當(dāng)?shù)脑黾?，使譯文既能忠實(shí)地傳達(dá)原文的內(nèi)容和風(fēng)格，又能符合譯入語(yǔ)的表達(dá)習(xí)慣。但是增詞必須是根據(jù)具體情況增加非增加不可的詞語(yǔ)。增詞一般用于以下三種情況：一是為了語(yǔ)法上的需要;二是為了意義上的需要;三是為了修辭上的需要。

　　二、從修飾角度進(jìn)行減省

　　有些詞語(yǔ)在英語(yǔ)里是必不可少的，但在漢語(yǔ)中卻并非如此，如直譯成漢語(yǔ)則往往顯得累贅嚕嗦。為了使譯文簡(jiǎn)潔曉暢、"文約而意豐"，這樣的詞語(yǔ)必須省去或是精簡(jiǎn)。例如：

　　(1) I felt a trifle shy at the thought of presenting myself to a total stranger with the announcement that I was going to sleep under his roof， eat his food and drink his whisky， till another boat came in to take me to the port for which I was bound.

　　我要去見一個(gè)素不相識(shí)的陌生人，向他宣布我得住在他家、吃他的、喝他的，一直等到下一班船到來(lái)，把我?guī)У轿乙サ母劭跒橹供ぉは氲竭@兒，我真有點(diǎn)不好意思了。(這里，如把 "sleep under his roof， eat his food and drink his whisky"直譯為"睡在他的屋頂下、吃他的食物、喝他的威士忌"，會(huì)使語(yǔ)言極為繁冗，不夠精練。譯文采用減省譯法處理原文，既準(zhǔn)確地傳達(dá)了原意，又使行文簡(jiǎn)潔，氣韻十足，一氣呵成。)

　　(2) Her dark eyes made little reflected stars. She was looking at him as she was always looking at him when he awakened.

　　她那雙烏黑的眼睛就像亮晶晶的星星在閃爍，他平素醒來(lái)的時(shí)候，她也是這樣望著他。(此句中有兩個(gè) "she was looking at him"，如不作省略而譯為"她像平常那樣望著她一樣望著他"，漢語(yǔ)就顯得嚕嗦繁復(fù)，詰屈聱牙。)

　　(3) University applicants who had worked at a job would receive preference over those who had not.

　　報(bào)考大學(xué)的人，有工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)的優(yōu)先錄取。

　　(4)There was no snow， the leaves were gone from the trees， the grass was dead.

　　天未下雪，但葉落草枯。

　　(5) There was not a sound in her——and around us nothing moved， nothing lived， not a canoe on the water， not a bird in the air， not a cloud in the sky.

　　船上悄然無(wú)聲，四周一片靜謐，死一般沉寂，水面不見輕舟飄動(dòng)，天空不見小鳥浮云。

　　(6) The problem of alternative fuels of vehicle is one problem we shall approach.

　　車輛的代用燃料是我們將要研究的一個(gè)問(wèn)題。

　　(7) There are some things that I have happily seen of the wondrous way of the spider.

　　蜘蛛的奇異動(dòng)態(tài)，我曾有幸目睹。

　　(譯文省去 "there are some things that"后，文字簡(jiǎn)約，表達(dá)生動(dòng)，意思明確。)

　　(8) In actual fact， the United States is pursuing a policy of encouraging the aggressor…

　　實(shí)際上，美國(guó)在推行一種鼓勵(lì)侵略者的政策……

　　(9) He was smooth and agreeable.

　　他待人處事，八面玲瓏。

　　(10) Standing as it does on a high hill， the church commands a new view.

　　教堂建在高山上，向下眺望，風(fēng)景優(yōu)美。

　　(11) To learn is not an easy matter and to apply what one has learned is even harder.

　　學(xué)習(xí)不容易，使用更加不容易。