跨考網(wǎng)：考研英語(yǔ)閱讀理解A命題思路透析(八)_跨考網(wǎng)

第三章、情感態(tài)度題命題思路透析

Part I、命題規(guī)律透析

每一篇文章的作者在寫作的時(shí)候，都不可避免地在文章中表達(dá)自己的情感、態(tài)度和觀點(diǎn)，有時(shí)候這種表達(dá)非常直接，而有的時(shí)候卻又非常模糊、甚至看上去模棱兩可。而考生是否能夠從作者的字里行間把握作者的情感、態(tài)度和觀點(diǎn)則是對(duì)考生英語(yǔ)閱讀能力的一大較高難度的考驗(yàn)。情感態(tài)度題一般用于考查考生能夠正確理解作者的寫作意圖、作者對(duì)某種現(xiàn)象的看法、對(duì)某個(gè)問(wèn)題或事件的觀點(diǎn)、對(duì)所論述對(duì)象的態(tài)度。有的時(shí)候，這類題目可能避開(kāi)作者的總體態(tài)度，而考查作者對(duì)文章中提到的某個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)的觀點(diǎn)等，這需要考生在閱讀題干的時(shí)候加以區(qū)分。一般而言，情感態(tài)度題涉及到的題目都是文章中相對(duì)有爭(zhēng)議的問(wèn)題，而且關(guān)于態(tài)度的表述可能并沒(méi)有一個(gè)明確的句子，而是分布在文章的各個(gè)角落，沒(méi)有一定的規(guī)律，因此難度也相對(duì)比較大。

情感態(tài)度題常見(jiàn)表達(dá)方式

What is the author's attitude towards IQ tests?

[A]Supportive. [B]Skeptical. [C]Impartial. [D]Biased (2007)

In the author’s opinion, the absorption of immigrants into American society is

[A]rewarding. [B]successful. [C]fruitless. [D]harmful. (2006)

From the text we can conclude that the author

[A]is supportive of both sides [B]favors the townsfolk’s view

[C]takes a detached attitude [D]is sympathetic (2006)

How do the public feel about the long-term economic situation?

[A]Optimisti[C] [B]Confused [C]Carefree. [D]Panicked (2004)

The author's attitude toward Richard Lamm's remark is one of

[A]strong disapproval. [B]reserved consent.

[C]slight contempt. [D]enthusiastic support. (2003)

What is many captive shippers' attitude towards the consolidation in the rail industry?

[A]Indifferent. [B]Supportive. [C]Indignant. [D]Apprehensive. (2003)

From the text we can see that the writer seems .

[A]optimisti[C] [B]sensitive. [C]gloomy. [D]scared (2002)

Towards the new business wave, the writer’s attitude can be said to be .

[A]optimisti[C] [B]objective. [C]perssmistic [D]biased (2001)

The author` s attitude towards the issue seems to be__

[A]biase[D] [B]indifferent. [C]puzzling. [D]objective. (1999)

The author`s attitude toward the issue of “science vs. antiscience” is _____ .

[A]impartial. [B]subjective. [C]biased [D]puzzling. (1998)

The author`s attitude towards euthanasia seems to be that of _____.

[A]opposition. [B]suspicion. [C]approval. [D]indifference.

其他的提問(wèn)方式還包括：

According to the author, .

The author’s main purpose in this passage is .

The author argues in the passage that .

The author’s purpose of writing this passage is .

The author’s main thought is that .

The author probably feels that .

What is the mood , tone of the passage?

In this passage the author’s attitude towards … can best be described as .

Which of the following best describe the author’s attitudes towards ?

In the author’s opinion, .

The author holds a(n) attitude towards ...

The author appears to feel that .

從以上例子中我們可以看出，情感態(tài)度題的提問(wèn)方式也有一些規(guī)律可循。

首先，題目中一般都會(huì)用到the author’s attitude或者attitude 的近義詞來(lái)進(jìn)行表述。但是有的時(shí)候考查的不是作者的觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度，而是文中某個(gè)人的觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度，此時(shí)都會(huì)有according to, in the eyes of 等字樣，考生應(yīng)當(dāng)加以區(qū)分

其次，情感態(tài)度題的詞語(yǔ)選項(xiàng)一般可以分為以下幾種：

（1）褒義詞：positive (肯定的, 積極的), optimistic (樂(lè)觀的), useful (有用的, 有益的), admiring (贊賞的, 欽佩的), interesting (有趣的), instructive (有益的, 教育性的), enthusiastic (熱心的, 熱情的), supportive (支持的), support(支持), approval (贊成, 承認(rèn)), approving (滿意的), confident (自信的, 確信的), impressed (留下印象的), reverent (尊敬的), polite (有禮貌的, 文雅的)

（2）貶義詞：negative (否定的, 消極的), pessimistic (悲觀的, 厭世的), subjective (主觀的, 個(gè)人的), disappointed (失望的), frustrated (失敗的, 落空的), critical (批評(píng)的), questioning (質(zhì)疑的), doubtful (可疑的, 不確的), compromising (妥協(xié)的), dissatisfied (不滿意的, 不高興的), biased (有偏見(jiàn)的), satirical (諷刺的), tolerant (容忍的, 寬恕的), puzzling (迷惑的), suspicious (懷疑的), gloomy (令人沮喪的), scared (恐懼的), cynical (憤世嫉俗的), oppose (反對(duì)), opposition (反對(duì)), disgust (令人反感), disgusting (令人厭惡的), worried (悶悶不樂(lè)的), depressed (沮喪的), contemptuous (輕蔑的, 侮辱的), hostile (敵對(duì)的), opinionated (武斷的)

（3）中性詞：objective (客觀的), impartial (公平的, 不偏不倚的), indifferent (無(wú)關(guān)緊要的), impassive (冷漠的), detached (超然的，不偏不倚的), concerned (關(guān)心的), unconcerned (不關(guān)心的), uninterested (不感興趣的), neutral (中性的), cautious (謹(jǐn)慎的, 小心的), humorous (滑稽的, 詼諧的), apathetic (缺乏興趣的), disinterested (無(wú)私的), sensitive (敏感的), factual (事實(shí)的, 實(shí)際的), informative (提供資訊的), persuasive (說(shuō)服的), personal (個(gè)人的,), formal (正式的), informal (非正式的), casual (偶然的), analytical (分析的)

情感態(tài)度題常見(jiàn)出題位置

1、文章中直接表達(dá)作者或者其他人態(tài)度的句子。

2、文章中一些感情色彩較濃的詞語(yǔ)，尤其是形容詞、動(dòng)詞和副詞等。

3、文章的第一段和最后一段，尤其是最后一段。

4、文章中出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折的地方，如nevertheless, however, but, yet等。

5、文章中一些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面的內(nèi)容，這些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有should, shouldn’t, must, mustn’t等。

情感態(tài)度題正確答案選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)

1、很多情況下，作者只是在客觀描述一種現(xiàn)象或是一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，所以objective作為正確選項(xiàng)的頻率極高。

2、一般來(lái)說(shuō)，indifferent不會(huì)正確選項(xiàng)，因?yàn)樽髡呷绻麑?duì)一個(gè)事件漠不關(guān)心、就不會(huì)專門撰文。另外，向cynical, disgust, deperate等詞語(yǔ)如果出現(xiàn)也不會(huì)是正確選項(xiàng)，因?yàn)橐话?a href="http://www.smilerich.cn/" target="_blank">考研閱讀理解所選的文章不會(huì)帶有如此強(qiáng)烈的情感，如謾罵、攻擊等。

3、如果作者開(kāi)篇就提出了一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，而全文中有沒(méi)有轉(zhuǎn)折和對(duì)比的內(nèi)容，一般來(lái)說(shuō)作者對(duì)這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)持支持態(tài)度。

4、如果作者開(kāi)篇提出一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)或者引述了別人的觀點(diǎn)，而后文出現(xiàn)重要的轉(zhuǎn)折，對(duì)上述觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行批評(píng)后者否定，那么作者自己的觀點(diǎn)往往與開(kāi)頭提出的觀點(diǎn)相反。

5、如果選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)了一對(duì)反義詞，那么正確答案往往是這對(duì)反義詞中的一個(gè)，考生可以忽略其余兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)。

6、總結(jié)歷年的文章，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)在關(guān)于社會(huì)科學(xué)和人文科學(xué)的文章中，一般來(lái)說(shuō)如果作者都會(huì)有支持的態(tài)度；在關(guān)于自然科學(xué)的文章中，作者的態(tài)度則經(jīng)常是objective, analytical等。

情感態(tài)度題干擾答案選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)

1、選項(xiàng)沒(méi)有體現(xiàn)作者的觀點(diǎn)，甚至是相反的意思。

2、選項(xiàng)中張冠李戴，把別人的觀點(diǎn)放到了作者頭上，或者把作者的觀點(diǎn)放到了別人的頭上，要加以區(qū)分。

3、上文中提到的indifferent 及其同義詞和近義詞等，以及包含強(qiáng)烈情感的詞語(yǔ)。

情感態(tài)度題解題方法

1、找到直接表述作者態(tài)度的句子，對(duì)應(yīng)相應(yīng)的選項(xiàng)。

2、如果沒(méi)有明確表述態(tài)度的句子，則從文章的字里行間把握文章的整體基調(diào)。

3、注意不要混淆自己的態(tài)度和作者的態(tài)度，也不要混淆作者的態(tài)度和文中其他人的態(tài)度。

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