考研英語(yǔ)閱讀：定語(yǔ)從句實(shí)例解析_跨考網(wǎng)

　　英語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)中的定語(yǔ)有很大的不同。漢語(yǔ)中定語(yǔ)只能前置，而英語(yǔ)中定語(yǔ)既可前置也可后置。兩者的不同，不僅表現(xiàn)在結(jié)構(gòu)上，也表現(xiàn)在意義上。英語(yǔ)中的定語(yǔ)從句有時(shí)從原因、結(jié)果、目的或條件等方面對(duì)中心詞加以限定。因此，在對(duì)語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)、上下文邏輯關(guān)系深刻理解的前提下，為了更明確地表明這種邏輯關(guān)系，可以將定語(yǔ)從句翻譯成相應(yīng)的狀語(yǔ)從句。同時(shí)值得注意的是，定語(yǔ)從句與中心詞之間常有分割成分，而該分割成分中與定語(yǔ)從句緊挨著的名詞，常常會(huì)被誤認(rèn)為定語(yǔ)從句的中心詞。》》考研英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)指導(dǎo)

2014考研暑期：公共課全程復(fù)習(xí)指導(dǎo)

　　因此，遇到這種結(jié)構(gòu)，一定要根據(jù)上下文和常識(shí)進(jìn)行判斷。翻譯定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)可采用提前譯、順序譯、分譯或轉(zhuǎn)譯等多種方法。

　　1. As far as the third factor is concerned, the history of science shows many instances in which the force of authority has operated in such a manner as to build up an exceedingly powerful resistance to further investigation; in some cases centuries elapsed before this resistance was eventually broken down, as happened in cosmology, for example.

　　第一層：As far as the third factor is concerned，狀語(yǔ)從句the history主of science定shows謂many定instances賓in which the force of authority has operated in such a manner as to build up an exceedingly power定語(yǔ)從句ful resistance to further investigation;in some cases狀centuries主elapsed謂before this resistance was eventually broken down，as狀語(yǔ)從句happened in cosmology，for example.

　　第二層：(狀語(yǔ)從句)As far as引the third factor主語(yǔ)is系concerned表語(yǔ)。

　　(定語(yǔ)從句)in which 引the force主of authority定has operated謂in such a manner as to build up an exceedingly powerful re狀sistance to further investigation.

　　(狀語(yǔ)從句)before引this resistance主was系eventually狀broken down，表as happened in cosmology，for example 定語(yǔ)從句。

　　第三層：(定語(yǔ)從句)as引happened謂in cosmology狀for example插入語(yǔ)。

　　要點(diǎn)：本句由兩個(gè)分句構(gòu)成，以分號(hào)連接。第一個(gè)分句的主干為the history of science shows many instances，in which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾instances，such ……as ……表結(jié)果，后接不定式;在第二個(gè)分句中，before 引出時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句：before this resistance was eventually broken down;代詞as在此是關(guān)系代詞，引出定語(yǔ)從句：as happened in cosmology.resistance：抵抗(力);阻力。cosmology：宇宙論，宇宙哲學(xué)。

　　譯文：至于第三個(gè)因素，科學(xué)史中有許多事例表明，權(quán)威的力量起到這樣一種作用：它給進(jìn)一步的研究設(shè)置了一道極其牢固的障礙;在許多情況下，要花上幾個(gè)世紀(jì)的時(shí)間才能最終打破這道障礙。例如，在宇宙學(xué)中就發(fā)生過(guò)這樣的事。

　　2. Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.

　　第一層：Behaviorists主suggest謂that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his賓語(yǔ)從句or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.

　　第二層：(賓語(yǔ)從句)that引the child主who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity定語(yǔ)從句for appropriate responses will experience謂greater intellectual定development. 賓。

　　第三層：(定語(yǔ)從句)who引is raised謂in an environment狀where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for ap定語(yǔ)從句propriate responses.

　　第四層：(定語(yǔ)從句)where引there引are系many定stimuli主which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses定語(yǔ)從句。

　　第五層：(定語(yǔ)從句)which引develop謂his or her定capacity賓for appropriate定responses.

　　要點(diǎn)：根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系可以看出，本句中suggest的詞義不是propose，而是bring an idea into the mind，所以翻譯為…的看法是。who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾child，根據(jù)上下文的語(yǔ)義關(guān)系，翻譯成條件句;where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾 environment，用合譯法譯出;which引導(dǎo)的從句修飾stimuli，用分譯法進(jìn)行翻譯。appropriate：適合的，相稱(chēng)的。

　　譯文：行為主義者的看法是，如果一個(gè)兒童在有許多刺激因素的環(huán)境里長(zhǎng)大，而這些刺激因素能夠開(kāi)發(fā)其相應(yīng)的反映能力，那么這個(gè)兒童將會(huì)有更好的智力發(fā)展。

　　3. I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities-those of love and of reason-are the aims of all social arrangements.

　　要點(diǎn)：本句為含有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句。主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞suggest可接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。而賓語(yǔ)中的transform一詞常用在 transform sth.from…… into……結(jié)構(gòu)中，譯為“把…從…轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)椤?。句中兩個(gè)in which分別修飾其先行詞industrialism，翻譯時(shí)宜采用前置法。兩個(gè)破折號(hào)之間的those of love and of reason為potentialities一詞的同位語(yǔ)。

　　譯文：我建議把我們的社會(huì)制度從以最大限度的生產(chǎn)和最大限度的消費(fèi)為目的的官僚主義管理下的產(chǎn)業(yè)體制轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐粋€(gè)充分發(fā)揮人的潛能——即愛(ài)和理智的潛能——為其全部社會(huì)工作之目的的人道主義產(chǎn)業(yè)體制。