考研英語閱讀材料匯編之文教類(2)

復(fù)習(xí)緊張，焦頭爛額？逆風(fēng)輕襲，來跨考秋季集訓(xùn)營，幫你尋方法，定方案！ 了解一下>>

閱讀是考研英語的重要題型之一，也是保障英語成績的關(guān)鍵題目。因此，考研學(xué)子們要充分重視英語閱讀，除了平時多多閱讀英語雜志、報紙外，還需要針對閱讀進(jìn)行專項訓(xùn)練。小編整理了關(guān)于考研英語閱讀題源的系列文章——考研英語閱讀材料匯編之文教類(2)，請參考!

Mystery Man

He's famed as the creator of Sherlock Holmes, but Conan Doy1e's letters show the scope of his ambitions.

Within that exclusive group of literary characters who have survived through the centuries-from Hercules to Hamlet to Huckleberry Finn-few can rival the cultural impact or staying power of that brilliant sleuth, Sherlock Holmes. Since his debut 120 years ago, the gaunt gentleman with the curved pipe and a taste for cocaine, the master of deductive reasoning and elaborate disguise, has left his mark everywhere--in crime literature, film and television, cartoons and comic books. Even his home on Baker Street has for decades been one of London's most popular tourist destinations: the Sherlock Holmes Museum.

At Holmes' side, of course, was Dr. Watson-trusted friend, occasional accomplice and engaging narrator. Looming even larger, however, was another doctor, one whose medical practice was so slow it allowed him plenty of time to pursue his literary ambition. His name: Arthur Conan Doyle. As the creator of these fictional icons, Conan Doyle has himself become something of a cult figure, the object of countless critical studies, biographies and fan clubs.

Yet only now with the publication of Arthur Conan Doyle：A Life in Letters, do we have a

candid, personal portrait of the writer, with little of the Victorian reserve of his memoirs, Mast of the nearly 1,000 letters are to his beloved mother, Mary Doyle, beginning in 1867, when he was an 8-year-old boy at a Jesuit boarding school, and continuing until 1920, when Mary died. The book's editors--two Conan Doyle scholars and the author's great-nephew-also provide plenty of background material, rare drawings and photographs, and relevant excerpts from Conan Doyle's other works, making this the most comprehensive single volume out there.

Conan Doyle was born in Edinburgh in 1859, into a respectable middle-class Catholic family. Still, it was far from an easy life. There was never enough money; they moved frequently in search of lower rents; and his father, a civil servant and illustrator, was an alcoholic who had to be institutionalized, Yet the early letters are surprisingly upbeat, concerned mainly with food, clothes, allowances and schoolwork. At 14 came his first unforgettable visit to London, including Madame Tussaud's, where he was "delighted with the room of Horrors, and the images of the murderers".

A superb student, Conan Doyle went on to medical school, where he was entranced by Dr. Joseph Bell, a charismatic professor with an uncanny ability to diagnose patients even before they opened their mouths. For a time he worked as Bell's outpatient clerk and would watch , amazed ,at how the location of a callus could reveal a man's profession, or how a quick look at a skin rash told Bell that the patient had once lived in Bermuda. In 1886, Conan Doyle-by now an eye doctor-outlined his first novel, A Study in scarlet, which he described as “a simple tale of mystery to make a little extra money." Its main character , initially called Sherringford Hope and later rechristened Sherlock Holmes, was based largely on bell. But Holmes’ debut went almost unnoticed, and the struggling doctor devoted nearly all of his spare time to writing long historical novels in the vein of Sir Walter Scott-novels that he was convinced would make his reputation. It wasn't to be. In 1888, Holmes reappeared in A Scandal in Bobemia, a short story in Strand Magazine. An immediate hit, its hero took the foggy, crime-ridden London of gas street lights and Jack the Ripper by storm--and Conan Doyle's life would never be the same.

But he quickly tired of the tales, complaining to his mother that Holmes "takes my mind from better things". So, in 1893, he sent the detective over the Reichenbach Falls in Switzerland during a struggle with his underworld nemesis, Professor Moriarty."Killed Holmes" was all Conan Doyle deigned to scribble in his notebook. The public was devastated, as was his mother, but it would take 10 years of pleading and pressure before he gave in and resurrected Holmes from his watery grave.

The later letters are those of an important public figure, dining with the King and earning a knighthood with an impassioned defense of Britain's role in the Boer War at a time when world opinion was against it, not least due to the British Army's use of scorched earth tactics. His final years were marked by tragedy-he lost his brother Innes and his son Kingsley to World WarⅠ—and by controversy, as he became Britain's most famous defender of spiritualism, convinced of our ability to communicate with the dead through a medium. (Among those he contacted: his son and Dr. Bell.) It brought personal solace and public ridicule. In one of his last letters to his mother, who never embraced these beliefs, he wrote: “What does it matter what anyone says of me. I have a good hide by this time" After his death in 1930, all of this would be forgotten and Conan Doyle would be immortalized as the creator of Sherlock Holmes. It was not the legacy he wanted-but in the end, it was not for him to decide.

詞匯注解

重點單詞

curved /k?:vd/

【文中釋義】adj彎曲的

【大綱全義】adj考曲的

elaborate /i'læb ?r?t/

【文中釋義】adj精細(xì)的，詳盡的，精心的

【大綱全義】v./ adj精心制作(的);詳細(xì)闡述(的)

disguise /dis'gaiz/

【文中釋義】n.假裝

【大綱全義】n./v.彼裝，偽裝;掩蓋，掩飾

engaging. / in'geid?i? /

【文中釋義】adj迷人的，有魅力的

【大綱全義】adj動人的，迷人的，有魅力的

critical /'kritik?l/

【文中釋義】adj.批評的

【大綱全義】adj.批評的，評論的;危急，緊要的;臨界的

rent /rent/

【文中釋義】n.租金

【大綱全義】v.租，租貨;以一定租金出租，借出 n租金

civil /sivl/

【文中釋義】adj.公民的

【大綱全義】adj.介民的，市民的;民間的;民用的;有禮貌的;民事的，民主的

allowance / a'iau?ns/

【文中釋義】n.津貼，零用錢

【大綱全義】n.補貼，津貼;零用錢;減價，折扣;允許

delighted /dilaitid/

【文中釋義】adj.高興的，興奮的

【大綱全義】adj高興的，興奮的，喜歡的

diagnose /'dai?gn?uz/

【文中釋義】v.診斷

【大綱全義】v.診斷(疾病);判斷(問題)

outline/'?utlain/

【文中釋義】 v.草擬，寫作

【大綱全義】 n.槍廊，略圖;大綱，梗概 v. 概述，略述;描…外形，描…輪廓

vein/ vein/

【文中釋義】 n.風(fēng)格

【大綱全義】 n.血管;靜脈;葉脈;紋理;情緒;風(fēng)格u使成脈絡(luò)

convince /k?n'vins/

【文中釋義】 n.使信服，使確信

【大綱全義】v.(of)使信服，使確信

超綱單詞

sleuth n.偵探 debut n.初次登場

gaunt adj憔悴的 accomplice n.共犯，同謀

institutionalize v把……送交專門機構(gòu) upbeat adj樂觀的

charismatic adj有魁力的 rechristen v.重命名

rechristen v.重命名 crime-ridden adj.充滿犯罪行為的，犯罪倡狠的

重點段落譯文

在那一群杰出的千古流傳的文學(xué)人物中——從海格力斯(大力士)到哈姆雷特，再到哈克貝利•費恩——在文化影響力或持久力上，沒有人能敵過頭腦敏銳的偵探福爾摩斯。自從120年前首次亮相以來，這位憔悴的總是叼著彎曲的煙斗、喜好吸煙，并善于演繹推理和精心偽裝紳士，在犯罪文學(xué)、電影電視及卡通和戲劇作品中到處都留下子自己的身影。

福爾摩斯身邊，華生醫(yī)生無疑是值得信任的朋友，偶爾也會充當(dāng)同謀者和吸引的敘述者。然而，如果再深入的話，他最信任的朋友應(yīng)該是另一位醫(yī)生。他的醫(yī)學(xué)實踐進(jìn)程緩慢，這樣他就有很多時間去實現(xiàn)自己在文學(xué)方面的抱負(fù)。他的名字是亞瑟•柯南道爾。作為這些虛構(gòu)偶像的創(chuàng)造者，柯南道爾自己也一定程度上成了一個受頂禮膜拜的人物，成了無數(shù)批評性研究的對象、無數(shù)傳記的主人公和無數(shù)粉絲俱樂部的追捧對象。

柯南道爾1859年出生于愛丁堡一個受人尊重的中層天主教家庭中。然而，他的生活遠(yuǎn)非安逸。他們沒有足夠的錢，為了尋找租金更低的房子經(jīng)常搬來搬去;并且他身為公務(wù)員和插圖畫家的父親還是一個不折不扣的被收養(yǎng)教育的酒鬼。然而他早期的信件卻出奇的樂觀，主要談?wù)撨@食物、衣服、津貼和學(xué)校功課。14歲時，他有了第一次去倫敦的難忘之行;期間他還參觀了圖索夫人家，那里“恐怖的房間和殺人犯的圖像讓他感到興奮。”

作為一位優(yōu)秀學(xué)生，柯南道爾得以進(jìn)入醫(yī)學(xué)院深造，并被約瑟夫•貝爾醫(yī)生接收。約瑟夫•貝爾教授有著超凡的魅力，有著在病人開口之前就能對其進(jìn)行診斷的不可思議的能力。1886年，已經(jīng)成為眼科醫(yī)生的柯南道爾完成了他的第一部小說《血字的研究》。該小說被他描述為“用來賺點外快的傳奇故事”。其主人公很大程度上是基于貝爾塑造的，開始被命名為歇陵福特•霍普，后改為歇洛克•福爾摩斯。然而福爾摩斯的首次亮相幾乎沒有引起人們的關(guān)注，但這位與瓦爾特•司各特先生有著類似寫作風(fēng)格的醫(yī)生非常努力，幾乎將他全部的空閑時間都用在了他確信會使其成名的長篇歷史小說上。事實并非如此。1888年，福爾摩斯再次出現(xiàn)在了刊登在《海濱》雜志上的短片小說《波西米亞丑聞》中。而這次卻一炮走紅，小說里的主人公給霧蒙蒙的、犯罪猖狂壁并且燈紅酒綠、紙醉金迷的倫敦以震撼。從此，柯南道爾的生活展開了新的一頁。

希望各位考生能夠每天堅持閱讀，提高詞匯量和語感能力，為以后的系統(tǒng)復(fù)習(xí)打下堅實的基礎(chǔ)。最后提醒大家，夏季來臨，復(fù)習(xí)備考需注意防暑降溫。預(yù)?？佳谐晒?

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