考研英語(yǔ)閱讀材料匯編之科技類(1)

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閱讀是考研英語(yǔ)的重要題型之一，也是保障英語(yǔ)成績(jī)的關(guān)鍵題目。因此，考研學(xué)子們要充分重視英語(yǔ)閱讀，除了平時(shí)多多閱讀英語(yǔ)雜志、報(bào)紙外，還需要針對(duì)閱讀進(jìn)行專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練。小編整理了關(guān)于考研英語(yǔ)閱讀題源的系列文章——考研英語(yǔ)閱讀材料匯編之科技類(1)，請(qǐng)參考!

Is Snuppy the Puppy for Real?

With Hwang's scientific credibility in shambles, the status of the world's most famous dog hangs in the balance. The embattled scientist maintains that Snuppy is the world's first canine clone, and he even hired an independent Korean DNA lab, Human Pass Inc, to verify that assertion. The verdict: Human Pass CEO Seung Jae Rhee told TIME last week, "There is no dispute about these results, and so I am 100% certain on Snuppy's authenticity." But since Human Pass is in essence working for Hwang, that's hardly good enough for the investigative panel at Seoul National University, which is carrying out independent tests, or for the editors of Nature, who have ordered an investigation.

If Snuppy really was cloned from the ear cell of a 3-year-old male Afghan named Tai, it

shouldn't be tough to prove, even to those outside investigators. As long as they have tissue

samples from both the clone and the parent, they should be able to determine whether

DNA in the nuclei of both animals' cells is identical-the first hallmark of a true clone.

Ian Wilmut, the Scottish scientist who created Dolly the sheep in 1996, had to provide such

samples to prove to skeptics that he had created history's first mammalian clone.

Even with the controversy raging over his stem-cell paper, Hwang could have forestalled

some of the questions about Snuppy if he had offered one additional bit of confirming

proof in his original paper in Nature. That piece of critical evidence comes from the animals'

mitochondria, tiny energy-producing structures within each cell. While most of a mammal's

DNA resides in the nucleus, there's also some in the mitochondria. (Nuclear DNA forms

the animal's basic genetic blueprint; mitochondrial DNA contains instructions for making

proteins involved in various metabolic functions within the cell. )

Mitochondrial DNA is passed down from the mother as gart of the egg's genetic

contribution. Identical twins, for example, have the same nuclear and mitochondrial DNA,

since they're produced when a single egg is fertilized and the resulting embryo splits in two.

With a clone, the situation is different. Because the cloning process that Hwang says he used

to create Snuppy involves two dogs-one for the nucleus and another for the egg-Snuppy's

mitochondrial DNA should not match Tai's. That's what Rhee's scientists say they've found

and what Hwang undoubtedly hopes the university and Nature will find as well. Final, ironclad

proof of Snuppy’s provenance would involve showing that the dog's mitochondrial DNA

matches that of his egg donor .It's not clear, however, whether that test is being done.

詞匯注解

重點(diǎn)單詞

credibility /;kredi’biliti/

【文中釋義】 n. 可信用，確實(shí)性，可靠

【大綱全義】 n. 可信用，確實(shí)性，可靠

balance /'bæl?ns/

【文中釋義】 n.天平，平衡

【大綱全義】 v. 稱，(使)平衡;權(quán)衡 n.天平; 平衡，均衡;差領(lǐng)，余放; 結(jié)存

maintain /men'tein/

【文中釋義】 v. 堅(jiān)特

【大綱全義】v. 維修，保養(yǎng)，維持，供養(yǎng)，堅(jiān)持，主張，支持

verify /'verifai/

【文中釋義】 v. 查證，核實(shí)

【大綱全義】 v. 證實(shí)，查證;證明

panel /'pænl/

【文中釋義】n. 專門問(wèn)題小組

【大綱全義】 n. 面板，嵌板，座談小組，專門問(wèn)題小組 v. 嵌鑲

tissue /'tisju:/

【文中釋義】 n. (動(dòng)、植物的)組織

【大綱全義】 n. 織物，薄娟，紙巾;(勸，位物的)組織

nuclei / 'nju:kliai/

【文中釋義】 n. (nucleus的復(fù)數(shù)形式)細(xì)胞核

【大綱全義】 n. (nucleus的復(fù)數(shù)形式)核，核心，原子核;細(xì)胞核

additional /?’di??nl/

【文中釋義】 adj. 附加的，另外的

【大綱全義】 adj. 額外的，附加的，另外的

nucleus /'nju:kli?s/

【文中釋義】 n. 細(xì)胞核

【大綱全義】 n. 核，核心，原子核;細(xì)胞核

blueprint /'blu:,print/

【文中釋義】n. 藍(lán)圖

【大綱全義】n. 藍(lán)圖，設(shè)計(jì)圖，計(jì)劃 v. 制成藍(lán)圖，計(jì)劃

超綱單詞

shamble n. 滿跚，搖羌 embattled adj. 陷入重圍的

canine adj. 犬的，犬科的 hallmark n. 品質(zhì)證明，標(biāo)志

mammalian adj. 哺乳勸物的 mitochondria n. 線粒體

metabolic adj. 新陳代謝的 embryo n. 胚胎

重點(diǎn)段落譯文

隨著黃禹錫的科學(xué)信用的動(dòng)搖，這個(gè)世界上最著名的狗的身份也懸而未定。這位陷人重圍的科學(xué)家堅(jiān)持稱斯納皮是世界上首只克隆犬，而且他甚至還租用了韓國(guó)一個(gè)獨(dú)立的實(shí)驗(yàn)室—Humen子Pas，生物實(shí)驗(yàn)室來(lái)證實(shí)這個(gè)斷言。判決是:上個(gè)星期，HwnanPass的總裁李順杰告訴《時(shí)代周刊》:“這些結(jié)果是不具爭(zhēng)謂的，我百分之百她肯宗斯納方的真實(shí)性。”但是HnmanPaca實(shí)質(zhì)上也是為黃禹錫工作的.這不管是對(duì)于進(jìn)行獨(dú)立測(cè)試的首爾大學(xué)的專家調(diào)查小組還是命令進(jìn)行調(diào)查的《自然》的編輯來(lái)說(shuō)都是遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠的。

如果斯納皮真的是從一個(gè)名叫泰的3歲的阿富汗公狗的耳朵細(xì)胞克隆出來(lái)的，這應(yīng)該不難證明，即使是對(duì)那些外行的調(diào)查者來(lái)說(shuō)。只要他們?cè)诳寺◇w和母體的組織中提取樣本就能判斷這兩個(gè)動(dòng)物細(xì)胞核里的DNA是否相同，而這是一個(gè)真正的克隆物的首要標(biāo)志。在1996年創(chuàng)造出了克隆羊多莉的蘇格蘭科學(xué)家伊恩·威爾姆特就不得不提供了這樣的樣本來(lái)向懷疑者證明他創(chuàng)造了歷史上首個(gè)克隆哺乳動(dòng)物。

即使?fàn)幾h牽涉到了他的干細(xì)胞論文，如果他在《科學(xué)》里的原始論文中提供了額外的確鑿證據(jù)，黃禹錫就能在斯納皮的某些問(wèn)題中搶占先機(jī)。那份決定性的證據(jù)來(lái)自于每個(gè)細(xì)胞里微小的能量制造結(jié)構(gòu)—動(dòng)物的線粒體。大多數(shù)哺乳動(dòng)物的DNA都存儲(chǔ)于細(xì)胞核中，也有一些在線粒體中。(細(xì)胞核中的DNA構(gòu)成了動(dòng)物基本的基因藍(lán)圖，線粒體中的DNA包含了制造蛋白質(zhì)的指令，這些蛋白質(zhì)參與細(xì)胞的各種新陳代謝功能。)

線粒體中的DNA是作為卵子遺傳物的一部分從母體傳遞下來(lái)的。例如，孿生雙胞胎有相同的細(xì)胞核DNA和線粒體DNA，因?yàn)樗麄兊恼Q生是由于一個(gè)卵子受精而由此產(chǎn)生的胚胎分裂成兩個(gè)。對(duì)克隆物來(lái)說(shuō)情況就截然不同了。因?yàn)辄S禹錫說(shuō)他創(chuàng)造斯納皮的克隆過(guò)程涉及兩條狗—取一條狗的細(xì)胞核，取另一條狗的卵子—斯納皮的線粒體DNA是不可能與泰的線粒體DNA一致的。那就是李順杰的科學(xué)家們所說(shuō)的他們已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)的東西，無(wú)疑也是黃禹錫希望首爾大學(xué)和《自然》發(fā)現(xiàn)的。最終，關(guān)于斯納皮來(lái)源的可靠證據(jù)將會(huì)顯示該條狗的線粒體DNA與它的卵子捐贈(zèng)者的線粒體DNA是一致的，然而，是否進(jìn)行了這項(xiàng)測(cè)試還不是很清楚。

希望各位考生能夠每天堅(jiān)持閱讀，提高詞匯量和語(yǔ)感能力，為以后的系統(tǒng)復(fù)習(xí)打下堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。最后提醒大家，夏季來(lái)臨，復(fù)習(xí)備考需注意防暑降溫。預(yù)?？佳谐晒?

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