2011考研閱讀理解全文翻譯完全解析（一）_跨考網(wǎng)

　　Section I Use of English

　　Directions:

　　Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

　　Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as “a bodily exercise precious to health.” But 1 some claims to the contrary, laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness Laughter does 2 short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, 3 heart rate and oxygen consumption But because hard laughter is difficult to

　　4 , a good laugh is unlikely to have 5 benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does.

　　6 , instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter apparently accomplishes the 7 , studies dating back to the 1930’s indicate that laughter 8 muscles, decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down.

　　Such bodily reaction might conceivably help 9 the effects of psychological stress. Anyway, the act of laughing probably does produce other types of 10 feedback, that improve an individual’s emotional state. 11 one classical theory of emotion, our feelings are partially rooted 12 physical reactions. It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry 13 they are sad but they become sad when the tears begin to flow.

　　Although sadness also 14 tears, evidence suggests that emotions can flow 15 muscular responses. In an experiment published in 1988,social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of würzburg in Germany asked volunteers to 16 a pen either with their teeth-thereby creating an artificial smile – or with their lips, which would produce a(n) 17 expression. Those forced to exercise their enthusiastically to funny catoons than did those whose months were contracted in a frown, 19 that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around 20 , the physical act of laughter could improve mood.

　　篇章分析：

　　題目的文章來(lái)自于 2009年4月刊Scientific American的How Humor Makes You Friendlier, by Sexier Steve Ayan, ：幽默如何使你更加有人緣且性感

　　1.[A]among [B]except [C]despite [D]like C

　　2.[A]reflect [B]demand [C]indicate [D]produce D

　　3.[A]stabilizing [B]boosting [C]impairing [D]determining B

　　4.[A]transmit [B]sustain [C]evaluate [D]observe B

　　5.[A]measurable [B]manageable [C]affordable [D]renewable A

　　6.[A]In turn [B]In fact [C]In addition [D]In brief B

　　7.[A]opposite [B]impossible [C]average [D]expected A

　　8.[A]hardens [B]weakens [C]tightens [D]relaxes D

　　9.[A]aggravate [B]generate [C]moderate [D]enhance C

　　10.[A]physical [B]mental [C]subconscious [D]internal A

　　11.[A]Except for [B]According to [C]Due to [D]As for B

　　12.[A]with [B]on [C]in [D]at C

　　13.[A]unless [B]until [C]if [D]because D

　　14.[A]exhausts [B]follows [C]precedes [D]suppresses C

　　15.[A]into [B]from [C]towards [D]beyond B

　　16.[A]fetch [B]bite [C]pick [D]hold D

　　17.[A]disappointed [B]excited [C]joyful [D]indifferent A

　　18.[A]adapted [B]catered [C]turned [D]reacted D

　　19.[A]suggesting [B]requiring [C]mentioning [D]supposing A

　　20.[A]Eventually [B]Consequently [C]Similarly [D]Conversely C

　　Section II Reading Comprehension

　　Part A

　　Directions:

　　Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)

　　Text 1

　　The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009. For the most part, the response has been favorable, to say the least. “Hooray! At last!” wrote Anthony Tommasini, a sober-sided classical-music critic.

　　紐約愛(ài)樂(lè)樂(lè)團(tuán)決定聘請(qǐng)Alan Gilbert作為下一任的音樂(lè)總監(jiān)，這從2009年任命被宣布之日起就在古典音樂(lè)界引起了熱議。別的不說(shuō)，大部分人的反應(yīng)是積極的。“好啊，終于好了!” Anthony Tommasini寫(xiě)道，他可是一個(gè)以嚴(yán)肅著稱(chēng)的古典音樂(lè)評(píng)論家。

　　One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilbert is comparatively little known. Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilbert’s appointment in the Times, calls him “an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him.” As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise.

　　但是，這個(gè)任命之所以一起人們驚訝的原因卻是Gilbert相對(duì)而言并不是很有名。甚至在時(shí)代雜志上發(fā)文支持Gilbert任命的Tommasini都稱(chēng)其為：低調(diào)的音樂(lè)家，在他身上找不到那種飛揚(yáng)跋扈的指揮家的氣質(zhì)。紐約愛(ài)樂(lè)樂(lè)團(tuán)迄今為止都是由像Gustav Mahler(古斯塔夫·馬勒)和Pierre Boulez布列茲那樣的音樂(lè)家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的。這樣去描述這個(gè)樂(lè)團(tuán)的下一位指揮，至少對(duì)于時(shí)代的讀者而言，這是一種蒼白的表?yè)P(yáng)。

　　For my part, I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one. To be sure, he performs an impressive variety of interesting compositions, but it is not necessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall, or anywhere else, to hear interesting orchestral music. All I have to do is to go to my CD shelf, or boot up my computer and download still more recorded music from iTunes.

　　就我看來(lái)，我不知道Gilbert是否是一個(gè)偉大的指揮家或者是一個(gè)好的指揮。但是我能確定的是，他能表現(xiàn)出很多有趣的樂(lè)章，但是我卻應(yīng)該不會(huì)去Avery Fisher Hall或者其他地方去聽(tīng)一場(chǎng)有趣的交響樂(lè)演出。我要做的事情就是去我的CD架上，或者打開(kāi)的我的電腦從ITUNES上下載更多的唱片。

　　Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point. For the time, attention, and money of the art-loving public, classical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera houses, dance troupes, theater companies, and museums, but also with the recorded performances of the great classical musicians of the 20th century. There recordings are cheap, available everywhere, and very often much higher in artistic quality than today’s live performances; moreover, they can be “consumed” at a time and place of the listener’s choosing. The widespread availability of such recordings has thus brought about a crisis in the institution of the traditional classical concert.

　　那些忠實(shí)的音樂(lè)會(huì)觀眾會(huì)講唱片并不能代替現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的演出，但是他們忽略了一些事情。當(dāng)下為了獲得藝術(shù)愛(ài)好者的錢(qián)，時(shí)間，關(guān)注度，古典音樂(lè)的演奏家們(其實(shí)就是指交響樂(lè)團(tuán)，同意復(fù)述)不僅要和劇院，舞蹈隊(duì)，演出公司和博物館競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，而且還需要和那些記錄了20世紀(jì)的偉大的古典音樂(lè)演奏者表演的唱片競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。唱片很便宜，那里都能買(mǎi)到，并且比現(xiàn)在很多現(xiàn)場(chǎng)音樂(lè)會(huì)的藝術(shù)質(zhì)量要高。進(jìn)一步的講，聽(tīng)眾能選擇聽(tīng)唱片的時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)。這些到處可以獲得的唱片給傳統(tǒng)的演出機(jī)構(gòu)帶來(lái)了危機(jī)。

　　One possible response is for classical performers to program attractive new music that is not yet available on record. Gilbert’s own interest in new music has been widely noted: Alex Ross, a classical-music critic, has described him as a man who is capable of turning the Philharmonic into “a markedly different, more vibrant organization.” But what will be the nature of that difference? Merely expanding the orchestra’s repertoire will not be enough. If Gilbert and the Philharmonic are to succeed, they must first change the relationship between America’s oldest orchestra and the new audience it hops to attract.

　　對(duì)于古典音樂(lè)演奏者而言，他們可能的一個(gè)回應(yīng)就是排練出唱片上沒(méi)有的曲目。Gilbert對(duì)新音樂(lè)興趣已經(jīng)被廣泛的關(guān)注了：Alex Ross，一名古典音樂(lè)的批評(píng)家，就這樣描述道：他能夠把愛(ài)樂(lè)樂(lè)團(tuán)變成一個(gè)完全不同，更加有活力的組織。但是那種不同的性質(zhì)也是什么呢?可能僅僅增加樂(lè)團(tuán)演出的曲目是不夠的，如果Gilbert和他的樂(lè)團(tuán)要進(jìn)步的話，他們就必須首先改變美國(guó)最古老的樂(lè)團(tuán)(就是紐約愛(ài)樂(lè)樂(lè)團(tuán))同他們想吸引的新觀眾間的關(guān)系。

　　21. We learn from Para.1 that Gilbert’s appointment has .

　　[A]incurred criticism. [B]raised suspicion.

　　[C]received acclaim. [D]aroused curiosity.

　　解析：這個(gè)題目相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單，各家也沒(méi)有什么爭(zhēng)議，只需要讀懂:For the most part, the response has been favorable, to say the least.就可以了，其實(shí)考生只需要讀懂：For the most part, the response has been favorable.這就是核心。acclaim.就是表示 favorable。當(dāng)然，后面那個(gè)人說(shuō)的話一定是為了說(shuō)明這個(gè)結(jié)論的讀不讀都無(wú)妨了。

　　22. Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who is

　　[A]influential. [B]modest.

　　[C]respectable. [D]talented.

　　解析：這個(gè)題目關(guān)鍵就是要學(xué)會(huì)對(duì)論點(diǎn)和論據(jù)的敏感：Tommasini是個(gè)具體的人提他是有目的的。問(wèn)他的看法，你可以直接看這樣一句：“an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him.”但是這樣的句子中的：unpretentious和formidable能有幾個(gè)同學(xué)認(rèn)識(shí)? 那么就看看這個(gè)句子在段落中的地位吧：論據(jù)，且和第一句是一個(gè)遞進(jìn)的關(guān)系，他是進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明第一句的：One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilbert is comparatively little known.這個(gè)句子該懂了吧。這個(gè)人相對(duì)來(lái)講名氣不大。A,C,D 都無(wú)從談起了。只有modest和這個(gè)名氣大不大能相關(guān)。這樣的論據(jù)和論點(diǎn)的分析以及段落的語(yǔ)篇分析方法就是凱文老師的學(xué)生能獨(dú)步于考研界的最大法寶。

　　23. The author believes that the devoted concertgoers

　　[A]ignore the expenses of live performances.

　　[B]reject most kinds of recorded performances.

　　[C]exaggerate the variety of live performances.

　　[D]overestimate the value of live performances.

　　解析：作者的觀點(diǎn)：The author believes，這個(gè)是在關(guān)注定位詞devoted concertgoers后的另外一個(gè)關(guān)鍵點(diǎn);作者認(rèn)為concertgoers miss the point;但具體是什么，需要看選項(xiàng)了。A ,忽略了現(xiàn)場(chǎng)演奏的費(fèi)用，B,拒絕大多數(shù)的唱片演奏。這兩個(gè)是沒(méi)有根據(jù)的屬于未提及選項(xiàng)。C有一定的干擾性：the variety of live performances，二段中是有variety 這個(gè)單詞的，并且在段落中出現(xiàn)了好多并列的成分，這樣對(duì)于很多沒(méi)有讀懂原文的同學(xué)其實(shí)是會(huì)產(chǎn)生視覺(jué)干擾的。但是聽(tīng)kevin老師的話的同學(xué)，會(huì)做一個(gè)主干的分析發(fā)現(xiàn)the value of live performances這個(gè)賓語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞是沒(méi)有原文依據(jù)的。最后一個(gè)選項(xiàng)之所以正確是由于：作者在一直說(shuō)唱片的好，而前面又說(shuō)concertgoers認(rèn)為現(xiàn)場(chǎng)演奏不會(huì)被唱片代替。這樣就是論點(diǎn)上的正話反說(shuō)了。答案就應(yīng)該是最后一個(gè)了。高估了現(xiàn)場(chǎng)表演的價(jià)值。這就是對(duì)于觀點(diǎn)的把握，多么重要啊!!!

　　24. According to the text, which of the following is true of recordings?

　　[A]They are often inferior to live concerts in quality.

　　[B]They are easily accessible to the general public.

　　[C]They help improve the quality of music.

　　[D]They have only covered masterpieces.

　　解析：抓住關(guān)鍵詞：recordings根據(jù)行文順序與題目基本一致的原則，停在倒數(shù)第二段：There recordings are cheap, available everywhere, and very often much higher in artistic quality than today’s live performances; moreover, they can be “consumed” at a time and place of the listener’s choosing. The widespread availability of such recordings has thus brought about a crisis in the institution of the traditional classical concert.一連串的描述就是B.干擾項(xiàng)是C : They help improve the quality of music.聽(tīng)Kevin的分析主謂賓，回文章中定位你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，文章中說(shuō)的是唱片中的表演的質(zhì)量要比現(xiàn)在的好，但是并沒(méi)有說(shuō)：help improve the quality of music.分析選項(xiàng)主謂賓，和原文一一對(duì)應(yīng)就一定能消除這樣的視覺(jué)干擾。[A]They are often inferior to live concerts in quality.和原文表訴相反。[D]They have only covered masterpieces.原文沒(méi)有提及。讀者不要自作聰明的覺(jué)得，嗯，老師講過(guò)的出現(xiàn)過(guò)often 和only的選項(xiàng)太絕對(duì)了，不能選。這樣的排除是有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的也是，Kevin老師一直都不會(huì)這樣講的。教育部命題中心可不可以那天就用一個(gè)only 做正確選項(xiàng)。當(dāng)然可以了!所以從小啊打好基礎(chǔ)!

　　25. Regarding Gilbert’s role in revitalizing the Philharmonic, the author feels

　　[A]doubtful. [B]enthusiastic.

　　[C]confident. [D]puzzled.

　　解析：?jiǎn)栕髡叩膽B(tài)度，主體是作者，對(duì)象是Gilbert’s role in revitalizing the Philharmonic從具體表述出發(fā)尋找相應(yīng)的態(tài)度表達(dá)詞：But what will be the nature of that difference? Merely expanding the orchestra’s repertoire will not be enough.一個(gè)but ,一個(gè)?，一個(gè)not就把這種不確定性給出來(lái)了。于是這就是選A doubtful.記得技巧派曾經(jīng)有這樣的總結(jié)：puzzled 和doubtful 都是所謂的永陪詞匯，這樣的技巧還是不要的好啊。

2015年考研：考研英語(yǔ)翻譯與作文如何拿高分？