2009年全國(guó)碩士研究生考試英語(yǔ)真題及參考答案
Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
Research on animal intelligence always makes me wonder just how smart humans are. 1 the fruit-fly experiments described in Carl Zimmer’s piece in the Science Times on Tuesday. Fruit flies who were taught to be smarter than the average fruit fly 2 to live shorter lives. This suggests that 3 bulbs burn longer, that there is an 4 in not being too terrifically bright。
Intelligence, it 5 out, is a high-priced option. It takes more upkeep, burns more fuel and is slow 6 the starting line because it depends on learning — a gradual 7 — instead of instinct. Plenty of other species are able to learn, and one of the things they’ve apparently learned is when to 8 。
Is there an adaptive value to 9 intelligence? That’s the question behind this new research. I like it. Instead of casting a wistful glance 10 at all the species we’ve left in the dust I.Q.-wise, it implicitly asks what the real 11 of our own intelligence might be. This is 12 the mind of every animal I’ve ever met。
Research on animal intelligence also makes me wonder what experiments animals would 13 on humans if they had the chance. Every cat with an owner, 14 , is running a small-scale study in operant conditioning. we believe that 15 animals ran the labs, they would test us to 16 the limits of our patience, our faithfulness, our memory for terrain. They would try to decide what intelligence in humans is really 17 , not merely how much of it there is. 18 , they would hope to study a 19 question: Are humans actually aware of the world they live in? 20 the results are inconclusive。
1. [A] Suppose [B] Consider [C] Observe [D] Imagine
2. [A] tended [B] feared [C] happened [D] threatened
3. [A] thinner [B] stabler [C] lighter [D] dimmer
4. [A] tendency [B] advantage [C] inclination [D] priority
5. [A] insists on [B] sums up [C] turns out [D] puts forward
6. [A] off [B] behind [C] over [D] along
7. [A] incredible [B] spontaneous [C]inevitable [D] gradual
8. [A] fight [B] doubt [C] stop [D] think
9. [A] invisible [B] limited [C] indefinite [D] different
10. [A] upward [B] forward [C] afterward [D] backward
11. [A] features [B] influences [C] results [D] costs
12. [A] outside [B] on [C] by [D] across
13. [A] deliver [B] carry [C] perform [D] apply
14. [A] by chance [B] in contrast [C] as usual [D] for instance
15. [A] if [B] unless [C] as [D] lest
16. [A] moderate [B] overcome [C] determine [D] reach
17. [A] at [B] for [C] after [D] with
18. [A] Above all [B] After all [C] However [D] Otherwise
19. [A] fundamental [B] comprehensive [C] equivalent [D] hostile
20. [A] By accident [B] In time [C] So far [D] Better still
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)
Text1
Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. “Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd,” William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. In the ever-changing 21st century, even the word “habit” carries a negative connotation。
So it seems antithetical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation. But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel synaptic paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks。
But don’t bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the hippocampus, they’re there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deliberately ingrain into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads。
“The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder,” says Dawna Markova, author of “The Open Mind” and an executive change consultant for Professional Thinking Partners. “But we are taught instead to ‘decide,’ just as our president calls himself ‘the Decider.’ ” She adds, however, that “to decide is to kill off all possibilities but one. A good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possibilities?!?/P>
All of us work through problems in ways of which we’re unaware, she says. Researchers in the late 1960 covered that humans are born with the capacity to approach challenges in four primary ways: analytically, procedurally, relationally (or collaboratively) and innovatively. At puberty, however, the brain shuts down half of that capacity, preserving only those modes of thought that have seemed most valuable during the first decade or so of life。
The current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and procedure, meaning that few of us inherently use our innovative and collaborative modes of thought. “This breaks the major rule in the American belief system — that anyone can do anything,” explains M. J. Ryan, author of the 2006 book “This Year I Will.。.” and Ms. Markova’s business partner. “That’s a lie that we have perpetuated, and it fosters commonness. Knowing what you’re good at and doing even more of it creates excellence?!?This is where developing new habits comes in。
21. The view of Wordsworth habit is claimed by being
A. casual B. familiar C. mechanical D. changeable。
22. The researchers have discovered that the formation of habit can be
A. predicted B. regulated C. traced D. guided
2022考研初復(fù)試已經(jīng)接近尾聲,考研學(xué)子全面進(jìn)入2023屆備考,跨考為23考研的考生準(zhǔn)備了10大課包全程準(zhǔn)備、全年復(fù)習(xí)備考計(jì)劃、目標(biāo)院校專業(yè)輔導(dǎo)、全真復(fù)試模擬練習(xí)和全程針對(duì)性指導(dǎo);2023考研的小伙伴針也已經(jīng)開(kāi)始擇校和復(fù)習(xí)了,跨考考研暢學(xué)5.0版本全新升級(jí),無(wú)論你在校在家都可以更自如的完成你的考研復(fù)習(xí),暑假集訓(xùn)營(yíng)帶來(lái)了院校專業(yè)初步選擇,明確方向;考研備考全年規(guī)劃,核心知識(shí)點(diǎn)入門(mén);個(gè)性化制定備考方案,助你贏在起跑線,早出發(fā)一點(diǎn)離成功就更近一點(diǎn)!
考研院校專業(yè)選擇和考研復(fù)習(xí)計(jì)劃 | |||
2023備考學(xué)習(xí) | 2023線上線下隨時(shí)學(xué)習(xí) | 34所自劃線院??佳袕?fù)試分?jǐn)?shù)線匯總 | |
2022考研復(fù)試最全信息整理 | 全國(guó)各招生院校考研復(fù)試分?jǐn)?shù)線匯總 | ||
2023全日制封閉訓(xùn)練 | 全國(guó)各招生院??佳姓{(diào)劑信息匯總 | ||
2023考研先知 | 考研考試科目有哪些? | 如何正確看待考研分?jǐn)?shù)線? | |
不同院校相同專業(yè)如何選擇更適合自己的 | 從就業(yè)說(shuō)考研如何擇專業(yè)? | ||
手把手教你如何選專業(yè)? | 高校研究生教育各學(xué)科門(mén)類排行榜 |
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