2011 年全國碩士研究生入學(xué)考試英語(一)
2011 年全國碩士研究生入學(xué)考試英語(一)
Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as “a bodily exercise precious to health.” But __1___some claims to the contrary, laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness Laughter does __2___short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, ___3_ heart rate and oxygen consumption But because hard laughter is difficult to __4__, a good laugh is unlikely to have __5___ benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does.
__6__, instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter apparently accomplishes the __7__, studies dating back to the 1930’s indicate that laughter__8___ muscles, decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down.
Such bodily reaction might conceivably help _9__the effects of psychological stress. Anyway, the act of laughing probably does produce other types of ___10___ feedback, that improve an individual’s emotional state. __11____one classical theory of emotion, our feelings are partially rooted ____12___ physical reactions. It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry ___13___they are sad but they become sad when the tears begin to flow.
Although sadness also ____14___ tears, evidence suggests that emotions can flow __15___ muscular responses. In an experiment published in 1988,social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of würzburg in Germany asked volunteers to __16___ a pen either with their teeth-thereby creating an artificial smile – or with their lips, which would produce a(n) __17___ expression. Those forced to exercise their smiling muscles ___18___ more exuberantly to funny cartons than did those whose mouths were contracted in a frown, ____19___ that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around __20__ , the physical act of laughter could improve mood.
1.[A]among [B]except [C]despite [D]like
2.[A]reflect [B]demand [C]indicate [D]produce
3.[A]stabilizing [B]boosting [C]impairing [D]determining
4.[A]transmit [B]sustain [C]evaluate [D]observe
5.[A]measurable [B]manageable [C]affordable [D]renewable
6.[A]In turn [B]In fact [C]In addition [D]In brief
7.[A]opposite [B]impossible [C]average [D]expected
8.[A]hardens [B]weakens [C]tightens [D]relaxes
9.[A]aggravate [B]generate [C]moderate [D]enhance
10.[A]physical [B]mental [C]subconscious [D]internal
11.[A]Except for [B]According to [C]Due to [D]As for
12.[A]with [B]on [C]in [D]at
13.[A]unless [B]until [C]if [D]because
14.[A]exhausts [B]follows [C]precedes [D]suppresses
15.[A]into [B]from [C]towards [D]beyond
16.[A]fetch [B]bite [C]pick [D]hold
17.[A]disappointed [B]excited [C]joyful [D]indifferent
18.[A]adapted [B]catered [C]turned [D]reacted
19.[A]suggesting [B]requiring [C]mentioning [D]supposing
20.[A]Eventually [B]Consequently [C]Similarly [D]Conversely
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)
Text 1
The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009. For the most part, the response has been favorable, to say the least. “Hooray! At last!” wrote Anthony Tommasini, a sober-sided classical-music critic.
One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilbert is comparatively little known. Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilbert’s appointment in the Times, calls him “an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him.” As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise.
For my part, I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one. To be sure, he performs an impressive variety of interesting compositions, but it is not necessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall, or anywhere else, to hear interesting orchestral music. All I have to do is to go to my CD shelf, or boot up my computer and download still more recorded music from iTunes.
Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point. For the time, attention, and money of the art-loving public, classical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera houses, dance troupes, theater companies, and museums, but also with the recorded performances of the great classical musicians of the 20th century. There recordings are cheap, available everywhere, and very often much higher in artistic quality than today’s live performances; moreover, they can be “consumed” at a time and place of the listener’s choosing. The widespread availability of such recordings has thus brought about a crisis in the institution of the traditional classical concert.
One possible response is for classical performers to program attractive new music that is not yet available on record. Gilbert’s own interest in new music has been widely noted: Alex Ross, a classical-music critic, has described him as a man who is capable of turning the Philharmonic into “a markedly different, more vibrant organization.” But what will be the nature of that difference? Merely expanding the orchestra’s repertoire will not be enough. If Gilbert and the Philharmonic are to succeed, they must first change the relationship between America’s oldest orchestra and the new audience it hops to attract.
2022考研初復(fù)試已經(jīng)接近尾聲,考研學(xué)子全面進(jìn)入2023屆備考,跨考為23考研的考生準(zhǔn)備了10大課包全程準(zhǔn)備、全年復(fù)習(xí)備考計(jì)劃、目標(biāo)院校專業(yè)輔導(dǎo)、全真復(fù)試模擬練習(xí)和全程針對(duì)性指導(dǎo);2023考研的小伙伴針也已經(jīng)開始擇校和復(fù)習(xí)了,跨考考研暢學(xué)5.0版本全新升級(jí),無論你在校在家都可以更自如的完成你的考研復(fù)習(xí),暑假集訓(xùn)營帶來了院校專業(yè)初步選擇,明確方向;考研備考全年規(guī)劃,核心知識(shí)點(diǎn)入門;個(gè)性化制定備考方案,助你贏在起跑線,早出發(fā)一點(diǎn)離成功就更近一點(diǎn)!
考研院校專業(yè)選擇和考研復(fù)習(xí)計(jì)劃 | |||
2023備考學(xué)習(xí) | 2023線上線下隨時(shí)學(xué)習(xí) | 34所自劃線院??佳袕?fù)試分?jǐn)?shù)線匯總 | |
2022考研復(fù)試最全信息整理 | 全國各招生院??佳袕?fù)試分?jǐn)?shù)線匯總 | ||
2023全日制封閉訓(xùn)練 | 全國各招生院校考研調(diào)劑信息匯總 | ||
2023考研先知 | 考研考試科目有哪些? | 如何正確看待考研分?jǐn)?shù)線? | |
不同院校相同專業(yè)如何選擇更適合自己的 | 從就業(yè)說考研如何擇專業(yè)? | ||
手把手教你如何選專業(yè)? | 高校研究生教育各學(xué)科門類排行榜 |
相關(guān)推薦
跨考考研課程
班型 | 定向班型 | 開班時(shí)間 | 高定班 | 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)班 | 課程介紹 | 咨詢 |
秋季集訓(xùn) | 沖刺班 | 9.10-12.20 | 168000 | 24800起 | 小班面授+專業(yè)課1對(duì)1+專業(yè)課定向輔導(dǎo)+協(xié)議加強(qiáng)課程(高定班)+專屬規(guī)劃答疑(高定班)+精細(xì)化答疑+復(fù)試資源(高定班)+復(fù)試課包(高定班)+復(fù)試指導(dǎo)(高定班)+復(fù)試班主任1v1服務(wù)(高定班)+復(fù)試面授密訓(xùn)(高定班)+復(fù)試1v1(高定班) | |
2023集訓(xùn)暢學(xué) | 非定向(政英班/數(shù)政英班) | 每月20日 | 22800起(協(xié)議班) | 13800起 | 先行階在線課程+基礎(chǔ)階在線課程+強(qiáng)化階在線課程+真題階在線課程+沖刺階在線課程+專業(yè)課針對(duì)性一對(duì)一課程+班主任全程督學(xué)服務(wù)+全程規(guī)劃體系+全程測(cè)試體系+全程精細(xì)化答疑+擇校擇專業(yè)能力定位體系+全年關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)指導(dǎo)體系+初試加強(qiáng)課+初試專屬服務(wù)+復(fù)試全科標(biāo)準(zhǔn)班服務(wù) |