2014考研英語作文指導：如何寫好句子_跨考網(wǎng)

　　跨考考研針推輔導學生調(diào)查顯示有的考生寫出的文章、句子、語法結(jié)構(gòu)與用詞均無太大毛病，但仍然得不到高分，主要原因是句式缺少變化。正如前面所述，如果文章中簡單句用得太多，文章便顯得無生氣，也說明考生英語水平還待提高。所以考生在寫作時從遣詞到造句，從造句到段落，一篇文章才能完成，每個句子和段落都有一寫的規(guī)律可循，都有自己的寫作技巧。

? ?跨考考研總結(jié)出下面幾種造句時要注意的幾個問題：
　　一、避免語法方面的錯誤
　　1.　結(jié)構(gòu)不完整，例如：
　　　誤：We congratulated to him.
　　　正：We congratulated him.
　　　誤：Do you like listening to other people to talk?
　　　正：Do you like listening to other talk？
　　2.混淆詞義，例如
　　　誤：He raised to greet us (raise舉起)
　　　正：He rose to greet us.(rise起立)
　　　誤: I laid in bed all morning.(lay/laid, laid放)
　　　正：I lay in bed all morning.(lie/lay, lain躺)
　　3．累贅，例如：
　　　原句：In China, Some cities are seriously polluted, and some cities are being polluted.
　　　改進：In China, Some cities are seriously polluted, some being polluted.
　　4.詞性誤用，例如：
　　　誤：Good conditions is very benefit.
　　　正：Good conditions are very beneficial.
　　　誤：They don’t feel nerves.
　　　正：They don’t feel nervous.
　　5． 主謂不一致，例如
　　　誤：Statistics are a branch of mathematics.
　　　正：Statistics is a branch of mathematics.
　　　誤：The variety of pictures at this exhibition please me.
　　　正：The variety of pictures at this exhibition pleases me.
　　6． 動名詞與不定式的誤用，例如：
　　　誤：I hope visiting Beijing again.
　　　正：I hope to visit Beijing again.(hope不接動名詞)
　　　誤：I ’d rather staying where I am.
　　　正：I’d rather stay where I am.(would rather 要接省略to 的不定式)

　　二、注意句子的完整性
　　一個句子必須完整，就是說在意義和結(jié)構(gòu)上都是完整的，以完整的結(jié)構(gòu)來表達完整的意思，試比較
　　意義不完整：July is the hottest time of the year, and my birthday comes in this month.
　　改進: I was born in the hottest month of the year, July.
　　意思不完整：Mexico City is great and cosmopolitan, with a fine university and ultramodern architecture, and I hope to go there this summer.
　　改進：Mexico City is great and cosmopolitan, with a fine university and ultramodern architecture, I hope to go there this summer.
　　句子的結(jié)構(gòu)完整表現(xiàn)的語法結(jié)構(gòu)上無毛病，試比較：
　　結(jié)構(gòu)不完整：English is a language, language is something used to communicate with other people.
　　改進：English is a language which is used to communicate.
　　結(jié)構(gòu)不完整：A good English class is the all students can speak.
　　改進：A good English class is one in which all the students can speak.

　　三、注意句子的連貫性
　　句子的連貫性是指句子中的詞和各組成分非常合理的連接起來，使意思表達非常清楚。試比較：
　　不連貫：He likes to sing, to swim, and table-tennis.
　　改進: He like to sing, to swim, and to play table-tennis.
　　不連貫: He was knocked down by a bicycle, but it was not serious.
　　改進: He was knocked down by a bicycle but was not seriously hurt.
　　時間不連貫: He left the library when his paper is written,
　　改進：He left the library when he had written his paper.

　　四、注意句子的變化性
　　句子的變化性指的是同一種意義可以通過各種變化的句型來表達。一篇文章要使人覺得內(nèi)容豐富，語言生動有力，就應交叉使用長句、短句、簡單句、復合句、并列句、疑問句等，達到形式與內(nèi)容的統(tǒng)一。例如：
　　1． 簡單句型的轉(zhuǎn)換：
　　原句：Victoria is a garden city, with one of the most delightful climates in the world.
　　變化1.A garden city, with one of the most delightful climates in the world, is Victoria.
　　變化2.Victoric, a garden city, has one of the most delightful climates in the world.
　　原句：She knew German very well.
　　變化1.She had a good command of German.
　　變化2.She had a good knowledge of German.
　　2. 復雜句型的轉(zhuǎn)換
　　原句: They struggled forward. They were exhausted. Their steps were dragging, They had to push on.
　　變化: Exhausted, they struggled forward, their steps dragging, but they had to push on.
　　原句: Nothing here indicates where this information came from.
　　變化：There is no indication here where this information came from.
　　3.表現(xiàn)一段文章中的句子變化：
　　Hearing that Russia emphasizes foreign language,(現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語)we have suddenly increased our own offerings.(現(xiàn)在完成的時句型)But too seldom have our schools analyzed our needs.(轉(zhuǎn)折和倒裝句例)One school had re-established Latin; another has introduced conversational French for infants.(分號構(gòu)成兩個對比和平行的結(jié)構(gòu))Seldom have they asked whether Latin and French are as imperative as knowledge of Moslem customs or religion,(倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)與后面結(jié)構(gòu)反對)or what languages are needed and for what needs.(what引導名詞從句構(gòu)成問)

　　五、注意句子的擴展性
　　英語中所有結(jié)構(gòu)復雜的句子都是由基本句型擴展而生成的，由基本的陳述句型轉(zhuǎn)成疑問句、感嘆句、祈使句、被動句、倒裝句等。在基本句型的基礎(chǔ)上添加各種修飾成分便使句子得到了擴展，正如村干長出了大枝、小枝、樹葉、花朵和果實。試比較：
　　基本句：He grew up.
　　擴展句：Born in a small town in South China in 1937, he grew up to be musician.
　　基本句：The moon was hidden.
　　擴展句：The moon was hidden entirely behind the dark clouds and not a single star could be seen.
　　擴展句可使文章內(nèi)容具體、更生動、更有活力，但要根據(jù)具體情況加以采用。

? ?以上總結(jié)為跨考考研英語教研組多年輔導歸納所得，希望對同學們有用！