2012�q�考研��p��阅读理解�_�读���（二）(j��)_跨考网

　　TEXT TWO

　　A line of water bottles that had become a symbol of environmental responsibility has been removed from the shelves of Canada's leading outdoor gear retailer over concerns about a chemical used in its manufacture.

　　The Mountain Equipment Co-op, which is based in Vancouver, British Columbia, removed the bottles, sold under the brand name Nalgene, and other polycarbonate containers from its 11 large-scale stores on Wednesday. The retailer said that it would not restock the bottles, which are made by Nalge Nunc International in Rochester, a unit of Thermo Fisher Scientific, until Health Canada completed a review of bisphenol-a, or B.P.A., a chemical used to make hard, transparent plastics as well as liners for food cans. ''We've been following the B.P.A. issue for at least three years,'' said Tim Southam, a spokesman for Mountain Equipment. ''The decision we've taken this week does not mean that polycarbonate products will never return to our stores. We're just seeking some certainty about this chemical.''

　　Church and environmental groups in Canada have mounted campaigns against bottled water because of concerns about the huge amount of plastic used in containers. As a result, the reusable Nalgene bottles have become ubiquitous on college campuses and elsewhere.

　　Polycarbonate plastic, which can only be produced by using B.P.A., creates bottles that are transparent and almost as hard as glass, but particularly shatter-resistant. Recently, however, the use of B.P.A.-based plastics in food containers has been questioned in Canada by Environmental Defence , a Toronto-based group. Environmentalists in the United States are also raising concerns about the chemical. Last year, San Francisco's board of governors passed a local law banning the use of the chemical in children's products. B.P.A. was removed from the ordinance before it went into effect, however, after an industry lawsuit. Critics point to studies dating back to 1936 showing that the chemical can disrupt the hormonal system.

　　While there is little dispute about that, the plastics industry, supported by several studies from government agencies in Japan, North America and Europe, contends that polycarbonate bottles contain very little of the chemical and release only insignificant amounts of B.P.A. into the bodies of users. ''Rarely has a chemical been the subject of such intense scientific testing and scrutiny, and still, important agencies across the globe agree that there is no danger posed to humans from polycarbonate bottles,'' Tom Cummins, the director of research and development at Nalge Nunc, said in a statement.

　　Rick Smith, the executive director of Environmental Defence, said that a paper published by 38 scientists after a government-sponsored conference in the United States found that the lack of research on the effects of B.P.A. on humans was a concern that required further investigation. Steven G. Hentges, the executive director of the American Chemistry Council's polycarbonate group, takes issue with that report's worries and points to a separate expert panel report published by the United States Department of Health and Human Services last month. In its 396-page report, which looked only at the impact of B.P.A. on reproduction, the panel said it had ''negligible concern'' about the chemical's effect on adult reproductive systems but raised some concerns about its impact on children and pregnant women.

　　1. The word “ubiquitous�?(Line 3, Paragraph 3) most probably means_____

　　[A] omnipresent.

　　[B] popular.

　　[C] common.

　　[D] usual.

　　2.Which one of the following statements is TURE of the local law passed by San Francisco's board of governors?

　　[A] This law forbade the use of B.P.A. in food containers for children.

　　[B] This law was not enforced because of an industry lawsuit that was against the use of B.P.A.

　　[C] This law was revised to allow B.P.A. be used in children’s products.

　　[D] This law went into effect before B.P.A. was removed.

　　3. According to Tom Cummins, which one of the following is NOT true of B.P.A.?

　　[A] B.P.A. is rarely tested and scrutinized so intensely.

　　[B] The testing and scrutiny done to the other chemical are no comparison with that to B.P.A.

　　[C] That Polycarbonate bottles containing B.P.A. are not dangerous to humans is supported by multiple evidence.

　　[D] Polycarbonate bottles containing B.P.A. can be used safely by humans.

　　4.From the separate expert panel report it can be inferred that

　　[A] B.S.A. has no effect on reproduction.

　　[B] B.S.A. has trifling impact on children and pregnant women.

　　[C] B.S.A. has trifling impact on adult reproductive systems.

　　[D] B.S.A. has great effect on reproduction.

　　5. The author’s attitude to the use of Nalgene bottles is _____

　　[A] negative.

　　[B] positive.

　　[C] biased.

　　[D] unclear.

　　文章剖析�Q?/p>

　　�q�篇文章介绍�?ji��n)聚���酸酯瓶被撤事�g�?qi��ng)相兛_��因。第一�D�c(di��n)��第二段介绍�?ji��n)聚���酸酯瓶被商家撤柜的情�?�W�三�D�讲�q�该瓶子兴盛��h��的原�?�W�四�D�讲�q�C�h们对刉���这�U�瓶子的化学物质B.P.A的一些担�?�W�五�D�c(di��n)��第六段分别列出一些认������U�瓶子对人类没有危害的研�I�和评论�?/p>

　　词汇注释�Q?/p>

　　polycarbonate n.聚碳酔R�� ubiquitous adj.到处存在�?/p>

　　shatter-resistant adj. 防摔�?disrupt v.使瓦�? 破坏

　　隑֏��H�破�Q?/p>

　　(1) The retailer said that it would not restock the bottles, which are made by Nalge Nunc International in Rochester, a unit of Thermo Fisher Scientific, until Health Canada completed a review of bisphenol-a, or B.P.A., a chemical used to make hard, transparent plastics as well as liners for food cans.

　　[��M��句式] The retailer said that it would not …until�?/p>

　　[�l�构分析] �q�是一个简单句�Q�宾语从句比较复杂。该宾语从句为带有时间状语从句的复杂�?该从句中�Q�宾语bottles后有一个以which引导的非限定性定语从句，在该定语从句中，a unit…是前面Nalge Nunc International的同位语;在时间状语从句中�Q�a chemical used …是前面B.P.A的同位语�?/p>

　　[句子译文] 该零售商�U�C���?x��)再重新�q�这些瓶子，直到“健康加拿大”完成了(ji��n)双酚a(即B.P.A.)的调查后再予以考虑。这些瓶子的刉���商下属于Thermo Fisher Scientific位于�|�彻斯特的Nalge Nunc国际刉���。双酚a 是一�U�用于制造透明高硬度塑料及(qi��ng)食物�|�镶条的化学物质�?/p>

　　(2) Rick Smith, the executive director of Environmental Defence, said that a paper published by 38 scientists after a government-sponsored conference in the United States found that the lack of research on the effects of B.S.A. on humans was a concern that required further investigation.

　　[��M��句式] Rick Smith said that a paper found that�?/p>

　　[�l�构分析]�q�是一个简单句�Q�有一个复杂的宾语从句;主语Rick Smith带有一个同位语the executive director of �?在宾语从句中�Q�a paper后面是一个过��d��词短语作它的定语�Q�在从句的宾语从句中的宾语后面有一个that 引导的定语从句�?/p>

　　[句子译文] “环境防卫”执行理事Rich Smith�U�美�?8名科学家在一�ơ政府资助的�?x��)议�l�束后发表了(ji��n)一���论文，该论文指出B.S.A.对�h�cȝ��影响斚w��的研�I�不���I��需要进一步的调查�?/p>

　　题目分析�Q?/p>

　　1. The word “ubiquitous�?(Line 3, Paragraph 3) most probably means_____ 1. “ubiquitou�?(�W�三�D늬�三行)的意思最有可能是_____

　　[A] omnipresent. [A] 无所不在的�?/p>

　　[B] popular. [B] 普遍的�?/p>

　　[C] common. [C] 普通的�?/p>

　　[D] usual. [D] �q�_��的�?/p>

　　[�{�案]A

　　[隑ֺ��p�L��] ☆☆�?/p>

　　[分析] 猜词题。根据上下文来判断该词的意思，文章�W�四�D�讲�q�当时由于加拿大教会(x��)和环境组�l�因��x(ch��ng)��制造容器大量��用塑料，所以发动了(ji��n)许多�q�动。而因为Nalgene瓶子可以重复使用�Q�具有环保特征，因此在校园和许多地方应该是普�?qi��ng)�?ji��n)�Q�到处能看得��C��(ji��n)。答案�ؓ(f��)A选项�?/p>

　　2.Which one of the following statements is TURE of the local law passed by San Francisco's board of governors? 2. 关于旧金山州长会(x��)议通过�?a target="_blank">法律�Q�下列哪个选项是正���的?

　　[A] This law forbade the use of B.P.A. in food containers for children. [A] 该法律禁止在儿童的食品容器制作中使用B.P.A.�?/p>

　　[B] This law was not enforced because of an industry lawsuit that was against the use of B.P.A. [B]该法律因��Z��个行业反B.P.A诉讼而没有得以实施�?/p>

　　[C] This law was revised to allow B.P.A. be used in children’s products. [C] 该法律经修订后允许在儿童产品中��用B.P.A.�?/p>

　　[D] This law went into effect before B.P.A was removed. [D] 该法律在去除B.P.A之前已经生效�?/p>

　　[�{�案] C

　　[隑ֺ��p�L��] ☆☆�?/p>

　　[分析] �l�节题。文章第四段提到旧金山州长会(x��)议曾�l�就通过�?ji��n)一��Ҏ(gu��)��律，该法律禁止在儿童产品中��用B.P.A., 但是�q�个法律�q�没有实施的时候，���因为有一个行业诉��|��B.P.A.��׃���q�项法律中免��M��(ji��n)。可以推���，该法律可能同时规定了(ji��n)几种化学物质都不能用于儿童��品制造中�Q�后来只是重��C��订了(ji��n)该法律，���B.P.A.除去�?ji��n)。因此，�{�案C�W�合题意�?/p>

　　3. According to Tom Cummins, which one of the following is NOT true of B.P.A.? 3. �Ҏ(gu��)��汤姆·卡明斯所说的�Q�关于B.P.A.下列哪个选项是不正确�?

　　[A] B.P.A. is rarely tested and scrutinized so intensely. [A] B.P.A.很少受到�q�么严格的审查和���验�?/p>

　　[B] The testing and scrutiny done to the other chemical are no comparison with that to B.P.A. [B] 对其他化学物质所作的审查和测验无法与B.P.A.相匹敌�?/p>

　　[C] That Polycarbonate bottles containing B.P.A. are not dangerous to humans is supported by multiple evidences. [C] 有多�U�证据显�C�含有B.P.A.的聚���酸酯瓶子对人类没有危险�?/p>

　　[D] Polycarbonate bottles containing B.P.A. can be used safely by humans. [D] 含有B.P.A.可以让�h�c�d��全地使用�?/p>

　　[�{�案] A

　　[隑ֺ��p�L��] ☆☆�?/p>

　　[分析] �l�节题。这个题目是有关汤姆·卡明斯的看法的，�q�在�W�五�D�|���?qi��ng)。选项A、B都是他陈�q�的前半部分内容�Q�关键看�q�个句子如何理解�Q�Rarely has a chemical been the subject of such intense scientific testing and scrutiny�Q�意思是说很���有一�U�化学物质能受到�q�么严格的测验，意思是B.P.A. 受到的测验很严格�Q�那么选项A是错误的。选项C、D�W�合后半句的陈述。因此答案�ؓ(f��)A选项�?/p>

　　4.From the separate expert panel report it can be inferred that____ 4.��q��立专家小�l�报告可以推断出_____

　　[A] B.P.A. has no effect on reproduction. [A] B.P.A.对生�D�没有媄(ji��ng)响�?/p>

　　[B] B.P.A. has trifling impact on children and pregnant women. [B]B.P.A.对孩子和怀孕妇��x(ch��ng)��很微��q��影响�?/p>

　　[C] B.P.A. has trifling impact on adult reproductive systems. [C]B.P.A. �Ҏ(gu��)��人生�D�系�l�媄(ji��ng)响甚微�?/p>

　　[D] B.P.A. has great effect on reproduction. [D]B.P.A.对生�D�有很大的媄(ji��ng)响�?/p>

　　[�{�案]C

　　[隑ֺ��p�L��] ☆☆☆☆

　　[分析] 推理题。题目是关于独立专家���组报告的，�q�在文章�W�六�D�|���?qi��ng)。这个报告只研究�?ji��n)B.P.A.对于生殖的媄(ji��ng)响，研究不怎么担忧该化学物质对成�h生殖�pȝ��的媄(ji��ng)响，但对该化学物质对儿童和怀孕妇女的影响却有一定担忧。由此可以推断，该化学物质可能对儿童和怀孕妇��x(ch��ng)��一定媄(ji��ng)响，但对成�h生殖�pȝ��影响不大。选项A说没有媄(ji��ng)响，�q�于�l�对�Q�因为文中多�ơ提到有一定媄(ji��ng)响，但是不是很大。因此，�{�案为C选项�?/p>

　　5. The author’s attitude to the use of Nalgene bottles can be said to be _____ 5. 作者对于��用Nalgene瓶子的态度可以说是_____

　　[A] negative. [A] 否定的�?/p>

　　[B] positive. [B] 肯定的�?/p>

　　[C] biased. [C] 有偏见的�?/p>

　　[D] unclear. [D] 不明朗�?/p>

　　[�{�案]B

　　[隑ֺ��p�L��] �?/p>

　　[分析]态度题。这���文章分析了(ji��n)��Z��对于聚碳酔R��瓶子中的B.P.A.化学物质的看法和争议�Q�列��Z��(ji��n)一些科学的研究和判断，可以得出�l�论���是该瓶子中B.P.A.对�h�c�d��(ji��ng)响有限，因此作者对使用该瓶子的态度是肯定的�?/p>

　　参考译文：(x��)

　　�׃��担心(j��)在制造过�E�中使用�?ji��n)一�U�化学物质，一�ƾ本来已�l�成为环保标志的水瓶被加拿大最有名的户外用品零售商�U�d���?ji��n)其���q���?/p>

　　周三�Q�位于不列颠哥��u比亚省的温哥华的“高��p��备Co-op�?���其11个大型商��Z��Nalgene牌子的瓶子和其他聚碳酔R��容器撤柜。该零售商称不会(x��)再重新进�q�些瓶子�Q�直到“健康加拿大”完成了(ji��n)双酚a(即B.P.A.)的调查后再予以考虑。这些瓶子的刉���商下属于Thermo Fisher Scientific位于�|�彻斯特的Nalge Nunc国际刉���。双酚a 是一�U�用于制造透明高硬度塑料及(qi��ng)食物�|�镶条的化学物质。“高��p��备”的发言人Tim Southam��_(d��)��(x��)“我们跟�t�B.P.A.事�g已经有三�q�了(ji��n)�Q�我们这周所作的军_���q�不代表今后聚碳酔R��制品永远都不�?x��)上柜�?ji��n)。我们目前试囑־�到关于这�U�化学物质的肯定�l�果。�?/p>

　　加拿大教�?x��)和环境�l�织曄���因�ؓ(f��)担心(j��)容器需要��用大量的塑料�Q�而发动了(ji��n)反对瓶装水的�q�动。最后，�q�种可重复��用的Nalgene瓶子���在大学校园和其他地�Ҏ(gu��)���?qi��ng)开来�?/p>

　　聚碳酔R��塑料只能用B.P.A.才能刉���，用这�U�塑料制造的瓶子透明�Q�硬度与�ȝ��一��P��但却非常防摔。但是，最�q�在加拿大多伦多的“环境防卫”组�l�对使用B.P.A.塑料刉���食品容器提��Z��(ji��n)质疑。美国的环境保护��M��者也对该化学物质表示担忧。去�q�_(d��)��旧金��q��州长�?x��)议通过�?ji��n)一��地�Ҏ(gu��)��律，���止���该化学物质用于儿童用品。但是，在该法��o(h��)�q�没有实施之前，B.P.A.���在一赯���业�v诉后从该法律中被�U�除�?ji��n)。批评者指出早�?936�q��h们研�I�就表明�q�种化学物质可以破坏荷尔蒙系�l��?/p>

　　虽然在这点上没有争议�Q�但是塑料行业引用了(ji��n)日本、北���和�Ƨ洲政府机构的研�IӞ��认�ؓ(f��)聚碳酔R��中该化学物质含量极少�Q�且只会(x��)���微量的B.P.A.释放��C��用者体内。“对一�U�化学物质进行如此周密的�U�学���验和审查是很罕见的�Q�再说全世界重要的机构都认�ؓ(f��)聚碳酔R��瓶对��Z��没有危害。�?Nalge Nunc研发部主任Tom Cumins在一�ơ声明中�q�样说�?/p>

　　“环境防卫”执行理事Rich Smith�U�美�?8名科学家在一�ơ政府资助的�?x��)议�l�束后发表了(ji��n)一���论文，该论文指出B.S.A.对�h�cȝ��影响斚w��的研�I�不���I��需要进一步的调查。美国化学委员�(sh��)��(x��)聚碳酔R���l�织执行理事Steven G·Hentges反对该报告提出的担忧�Q�指��Z��个月���国健康与�h�c�L��务部United States Department of Health and Human Services发表�?ji��n)一���独立的专家���组报告。这个长�?96��늚�报告中仅仅着��g��B.S.A.对于生殖的媄(ji��ng)响，该专家小�l�在报告中表�C����化学物质�Ҏ(gu��)��人生�D�系�l�“媄(ji��ng)响甚微”，但是却表�C�对孩子和怀孕妇��x(ch��ng)��一定媄(ji��ng)响�?/p>