對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)國(guó)際貿(mào)易學(xué)2004年考研真題-跨考考研

? 跨考考研為大家整理出對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)國(guó)際貿(mào)易學(xué)2004年考研真題精選，希望能幫大家夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)。

對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)

2004年攻讀碩士學(xué)位研究生入學(xué)考試

國(guó)際貿(mào)易學(xué)綜合試題 (試題代碼：4123)

一、判斷(正確的劃√，錯(cuò)誤的劃×。每題1分，共5分)

? 1．在均衡的國(guó)民收入水平上，非計(jì)劃存貨投資必須等于零，且計(jì)劃投資與實(shí)際投資必須相等。 ( ? )

? 2．當(dāng)政府對(duì)某一行業(yè)的產(chǎn)品實(shí)施最低限價(jià)政策時(shí)，通常會(huì)導(dǎo)致該行業(yè)的供給減少，市場(chǎng)需求增加。( ? )

? 3．按照國(guó)際商會(huì)《2000年通則》的規(guī)定，如果買方想采用鐵路運(yùn)輸，愿意辦理進(jìn)出口清關(guān)手續(xù)并擔(dān)其中的費(fèi)用，買方可以采用FCA貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)。 ( ? )

? 4．根據(jù)國(guó)際慣例，保兌行審核單證無誤而付款后，若開證行倒閉或無理拒付，則保兌行有要向受益人索回貨款。 ( ? ? )

? 5．2002年8月國(guó)際貨幣基金組織有關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)表明，中國(guó)是2001年黃金儲(chǔ)備增長(zhǎng)最多的國(guó)家。 ( ? ? )

二、單項(xiàng)選擇 (每題1分，共5分)

1．壟斷廠商面對(duì)兩個(gè)相互獨(dú)立、需要彈性不同的市場(chǎng)時(shí)，為獲取最大利潤(rùn)，廠商應(yīng)該實(shí)行 ( ? )。

? A．同一價(jià)格 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B．一級(jí)價(jià)格歧視

? C．二級(jí)價(jià)格歧視 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D．三級(jí)價(jià)格歧視

2．廠商對(duì)要素的需求取決于 ( ? ?)

? A．要素的邊際生產(chǎn)力 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B．產(chǎn)品的價(jià)格

? C．要素的平均產(chǎn)量 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D．要素的供給量

3．一切險(xiǎn)與水漬險(xiǎn)各項(xiàng)保險(xiǎn)責(zé)任的不同之處在于 ( ? ?) 的賠償。

? A．自然災(zāi)害所造成的單獨(dú)海損 ? ? ? ? B．意外事故所造成的全部或部分損失

? C．一般外來原因所造成的損失 ? ? ? ? D．特殊外來原因所造成的損失

4．下列哪一項(xiàng)屬于國(guó)際收支的長(zhǎng)期性不平衡：( ? ? ?)

? A．結(jié)構(gòu)性不平衡 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B．收入性不平衡

? C．周期性不平衡 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D．貨幣性不平衡

5．下列屬于三級(jí)儲(chǔ)備資產(chǎn)的有：( ? ?)

? A．活期存款 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B．短期存款

? C．黃金儲(chǔ)備 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D．普通提款權(quán)

三、多項(xiàng)選擇 (選擇錯(cuò)誤或選擇不完全均不給分，每題2分，共10分)

1．對(duì)于生產(chǎn)函Q=f(L，K)和成本方程C=w. L+r.K來說，在最優(yōu)的生產(chǎn)要素組合點(diǎn)上應(yīng)該有( ? )。

A．等產(chǎn)量曲線和等成本線相切

2．按《UCP500》規(guī)定，除非另有約定，賣方不得提交( ? ? )。

?A．艙面提單 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B．已裝船提單

C．清潔提單 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?D．不清潔提單

E．指示提單

3．一項(xiàng)合同成立的有效條件包括 ( ? ? )。

? A．當(dāng)事人必須具有簽訂合同的行為能力 ? ? ? B．合同必須有對(duì)價(jià)或約因

? C．合同的內(nèi)容必須合法 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D．合同必須符合法律規(guī)定的形式

? E．合同當(dāng)事人的意思表示必須真實(shí)

4．在下列IME貸款類型中，屬于普通貸款的是：( ? ? ?)

? A．緩沖庫(kù)存貸款 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?B．中期貸款

? C．信托基金貸款 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?D．補(bǔ)充貸款

5．下列能在合同有效期任何一天交割的有：( ? ? )

? A．歐式期權(quán) ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B．美式期權(quán)

? C．擇期 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D．遠(yuǎn)期合同

四、名詞解釋 (每題4分，共16分)

1．經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的黃金分割率

2．納什均衡

3．一價(jià)定律

4．寄售

五、簡(jiǎn)述題 (每題10分，共30分)

?1．新凱恩斯主義是如何解釋價(jià)格和工資粘性的？由此提出的經(jīng)濟(jì)穩(wěn)定政策是什么？

?2．簡(jiǎn)述產(chǎn)業(yè)內(nèi)貿(mào)易說的核心內(nèi)容。

?3．特里芬兩難為何構(gòu)成布雷頓森林體系的致命缺陷？

六、論述與分析題(第1、2 題第題各10分，第3題14分，共34分)

1．美國(guó)對(duì)包括鋼鐵、汽車及紡織品在內(nèi)的許多產(chǎn)品實(shí)行配額。經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家們估算通過拍賣配額權(quán)，美國(guó)財(cái)政部每年至少獲得100億美元的收入。假定美國(guó)的服裝市場(chǎng)在無貿(mào)易條件下，國(guó)內(nèi)的服裝均衡價(jià)格為8美元/1單位，交易數(shù)量為200單位。而服裝的世界市場(chǎng)價(jià)格為4美元/1單位。美國(guó)在自由貿(mào)易條件下，美國(guó)的服裝價(jià)格降至4美元，國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)者只供給100單位，需進(jìn)口200單位才能滿足國(guó)內(nèi)需求?，F(xiàn)假定美國(guó)政府的服裝配額為100單位，并將配額按一年的進(jìn)口量分配給各進(jìn)口國(guó)。請(qǐng)圖示對(duì)美國(guó)的服裝配額進(jìn)行分析。

? ?（1）美國(guó)的服裝交易量各價(jià)格將是多少？

? ?（2）配額導(dǎo)致的效率損失是多少？

? ?（3）拍賣配額權(quán)會(huì)帶來什么影響？

2．我某進(jìn)出口公司于5月15日向外商A發(fā)盤并限其18日復(fù)到我方。A于16日上午10時(shí)向當(dāng)?shù)剜]局交發(fā)關(guān)于接受我方發(fā)盤的電報(bào)。但由于當(dāng)?shù)剜]局工人罷工，該電報(bào)在傳遞途中延誤到22日才送達(dá)我方。我公司認(rèn)為對(duì)方答復(fù)逾期，未予置理，并將貨物以較高價(jià)格售予外商B。5月25日，A來電稱：信用證已經(jīng)開出，要求我方盡早出運(yùn)貨物。我方立即復(fù)電A，聲明接受到達(dá)過晚，雙方并不存在合同關(guān)系。同此，雙方發(fā)生爭(zhēng)執(zhí)。試根據(jù)《聯(lián)合國(guó)國(guó)際貨物銷售合同公約》的有關(guān)規(guī)定，分析雙方孰是孰非？并說明理由。

3．試析戰(zhàn)略性外購(gòu)(strategic outsourcing ) 的合理性。

七、專業(yè)英語(yǔ)(英譯中，每題25分，共50分)

1．The Taylor Rule: Could RobotReplace Alan Greenspan?

? ? ? Macroeconomist JohnTaylor of Stanford University Calls for a

? ? ? New Monetary Rule ThatWould Institutionalize Appropriate Fed

? ? ? Policy Responses toChanges in Real Output and Inflation.

In ourdiscussion of rules versus discretion, “rules” were associated with a passive monetaryPolicy-one in which the monetary rule required that the Fed expand the moneysupply at a fixed annual rate regardless of the state of the economy. “Discretion”on the other hand, was associated which the Fed changed the interest rate inresponse to actual or anticipated changes in the economy

EconomistJohn Taylor has put a new twist on the rule-versus-discretion debate bysuggestion a hybrid policy rule that dictates the precise active monetaryactions the Fed should take when changes in the economy occur. This so-called Taylor rule combinestraditional monetarism, with its emphasis on a monetary rule, and the moremainstream view that active monetary policy is a useful tool taming inflationand limiting recession. Unlike the Friedman monetary rule, the Taylor rule holds, for example,that monetary policy should respond to changes in both real GDP and inflation,not simply inflation. The key adjustment instrument is the interest rate, notthe money supply.

The Taylor rule has threeparts:

● ?If real GDP rises 1 percentabove potential GDP, the Fed should raise the Federal Funds rate ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

? ?(the interbank interest rate of overnightloans), relative to the current inflation rate, by. 5 percent.

● ? ?If inflation rises by 1 percentabove its target of 2 percent, then the Fed should raise the Federal funds rateby. 5 percent relative to the inflation rate.

● ? ?When the real GDP is equal topotential GDP and inflation is equal to its target rate of 2 percent, theFederal funds rate remain at about 4 percent, which would imply a real interestrate of 2 percent.

Taylor has neither suggested norimplied that a robot, programmed with the Taylorrule, should replace Alan Greenspan, chairman of the Federal System. The Fed’sdiscretion to override the rule (or “contingency plan for policy”) would beretained, but the Fed would have to explain why its policies diverged from therule. So the rule would remove the “mystery” associated with monetary policyand increase the Fed’s accountability. Also, says Taylor, if used consistently, the rule wouldenable market participants to predict Fed behavior, and this would increase Fedcredibility and reduce uncertainty.

Criticsof the Taylorrule admit it is more in tune with countercyclical Fed policy than withFriedman’s simple monetary rule. But they see no reason to limit the Fed’sdiscretion in adjusting interest rates as it sees fit to achieve stabilizationand growth. Monetary policy may be more art than science. The critics also pointout that the Fed has done a remarkable job of promoting price stability, fullemployment, and economic growth over the past decade. In view of this success,they ask, “Why saddle the Fed with a highly mechanical monetary rule?”

2. Petition of the Candlemakers, 1845

French Economist Frederic Bastiat (1801-1850)Devastated the

Proponents of Protectionism bySatirically Extending Their

Reasoning to Its Logical and AbsurdConclusions.

Petition of the Manufacturers of Candles,Waxlights, Lamps, Candlesticks, Street Lamps, Snuffers, Extinguishers, and ofthe Producers of Oil Tallow, Rosin, Alcohol, and, Generally, of EverythingConnected with Lighting.

TO MESSIEURS THE MEMBERS OF THE CHAMBER OF DEPUTIES.

Gentlemen-Youare on the right road. You reject abstract theories, and have littleconsideration for cheapness and plenty. Your chief care is the interest ofproducer. You desire to emancipate him from external competition, and reservethe national market for national industry.

We are aboutto offer you an admirable opportunity of applying your-what shall we call it?No; nothing is more deceptive than theory; your doctrine? Your system? yourprinciple? but you dislike doctrines, you abhor systems, and as principles, youdeny that there are any in social economy: we shall say, then, your practice,your practice without theory and without principle.

We aresuffering from the intolerable competition of a foreign rival, placed, it wouldseem, in a condition so far superior to ours for the production of light, thatthe absolutely inundates our national market with it at a price fabulouslyreduced. The moment he shows himself, our trade leaves us-all consumers applyto him; and a branch of native industry, having countless ramifications, is allonce rendered completely stagnant. This rival…is no other than the Sun.

What wepray for is, that is may please you to pass a law ordering the shuttling up allof windows, skylights, dormer windows, outside and inside shutters, curtains,blinds, bull’s-eyes; in a word, of all openings holes, chinks, clefts, andfissures, by or through which the light of the sun has been in use to enterhouses, to the prejudice of the meritorious manufacturers with which we flatterourselves we have accommodated our country, -a country which, in gratitude,ought not to abandon us now to a strife so unequal.

If moretallow is consumed, then there must be more oxen and sheep; and consequently,we shall be hold the multiplication of artificial meadows, meat, wool, hides,and, above all, manure, which is the basis and foundation of all agriculturalwealth.

The sameremark applies to navigation. Thousands of vessels will proceed to the whalefishery; and, in a short time, we shall possess a navy capable of maintainingthe honor of France,and gratifying the patriotic aspirations of your petitioners, the undersignedcandlemakers and others.

Onlyhave the goodness to reflect, Gentlemen, and you will be convinced that thereis perhaps, no Frenchman, from the wealth coalmaster to humblest vender of Lucifermatches, whose lot will be ameliorated by success of this our petition.

? 相關(guān)推薦：

? ?經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)考研輔導(dǎo)

? ?2014考研復(fù)習(xí)全年規(guī)劃

更多精選內(nèi)容請(qǐng)關(guān)注：空間

或微信：kkkaoyan