介詞短語在句中分析與翻譯的實例3_跨考網(wǎng)

?????? 1664．年，英國偉大的日記作家J·Evelyn，經(jīng)倫敦皇家學(xué)會批準(zhǔn)出版了一部森林志，即《林木論》。在這本著作中，人們可以說是第一次了解到一個現(xiàn)實：當(dāng)時，在造船業(yè)中如此重要的樹木的確正在悲慘地遭到浩劫；必須采取緊急措施，通過認(rèn)真植樹以便確保未來有足夠的樹木。(with．．．London介詞短語作條件狀語修飾published，其賓語是a book。在which定語從句中，one泛指人們。a realization是謂語sees的賓語。so important in...ship是非限定性定語，用來修飾trees。句中兩個that均引導(dǎo)同位語從句用來揭示realization的概念內(nèi)涵。)

????37．As a magnetic material becomes more and more magnetized，more and more of its magnetic domains line up，with their north poles a11 pointing inone direction and their south poles in the opposite direction．

????隨著材料的磁性變強(qiáng)，材料中越來越多的磁疇便會排列起來，其N極均指向一個方向， 而S極則指向相反的方向。??(介詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)with．一用來對主句中的謂語lineup進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明。)

38．Since the earth is slightly flattened at its poles，the distance of its surface at the north pole or south pole from its center is less than that at the equator．

由于地球的兩極略為扁平，所以南北兩極地表面離地心的距離比赤道地表面離地心的距離要近一些。(distancefrom．．，“離……的距離”。that代替distance。)

????39．Solar energy seems to offer more hope than any other source of energy，particularly since those areas most in need of water lie rather close to the equator and have a relatively clear atmosphere．

????太陽能似乎比任何其他能源更有希望，尤其是因為這些迫切需要水的地區(qū)離赤道很近，那里有較清潔的大氣。(lie和have是兩個謂語，主語是those areas。most in need of water為介詞短語作定語修飾areas。)

??40．For a very long time man has been seeking the possibility of combining various metals into alloys with a view to obtaining better materials for given purposes．

????長期以來，人們一直在尋找把各種金屬熔成合金的可能性，其目的在于為某些用途獲得更好的材料。(with。viewto．．，“以……為目的”，“為……起見”，是短語介詞，引出的介詞短語起目的狀語作用。)

????41．It means reorganising them on democratic lines，with governing boards made up of workers and technicians from the trade unions concerned，loyal to the concept of nationalisation as a force for social changes and operating their industry according to anational plan arrived at democratically by the community as a whole．

????這意味著：要以民主的方式，由有關(guān)工會的工人和技術(shù)員所組成的管理董事會來改組各項工業(yè)。這些工人和技術(shù)員作為社會改革的一支力量要忠實于國有化這一觀念，同時他們必須按照由作為整體的社會用民主方法制定的全國性計劃來管理各工業(yè)。(on．．．1ines，“按照……方針，辦法”，作狀語。with．．．concerned介詞短語作狀語，用來修飾動名詞reorganising。Made up of．．．過去分詞短語作定語修飾boards。loyal．．．changes為形容詞短語修飾workers and technicians。as force for social changes是“工人和技術(shù)員”的同位語，operating．．．as a whole為現(xiàn)

在分詞短語作定語，也是用來修飾workers and technidans。它是與形容詞短語loyal。。．是并列關(guān)系。arrive at作出(決定)，得出(結(jié)論)等。句中arrived at．．．whole是過去分詞短語作定語修飾plan。)

????42．Thirty-five seconds into the flight，with the solid rockets pumping out maximum power，Challenger—like all its predecessors—was undergoing severe aerodynamic stress．

????“挑戰(zhàn)者”號在其固體燃料助推火箭發(fā)出最大推力的推動下，飛行了35秒后，同以前的航天飛機(jī)一樣，正在承受著巨大的空氣動力的壓力。(with the solid．．．復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)用作狀語，有條件意味。)

????43．A gas，such as steam (water vapor) in the cylinder of asteam engine，has neither deftnite shape nor definite volume-it changes its sshape and also its svolume with change in the shape and??volume of the container．

????氣體，例如蒸汽機(jī)汽缸中的水蒸氣，既無一定的形狀，也無一定的體積。氣體的形狀和體積是隨著容器的形狀和體積的改變而變化的。(change．．．with，“隨……而變化”。)

????44．Their wide use in industry is due not only to these properties but to the fact that the common metals can be shaped into required objects by deformation and by casting into mold，and to the??fact that their properties can be greatly altered by alloying with other metals．

????金屬在工業(yè)中之所以得到廣泛的應(yīng)用，不僅是由于它們具有上述這些性能，而且還由于普通的金屬可以通過加工和鑄造而形成所需要的制品，同時還由于金屬的特性可通過與其他金屬熔成合金而顯著地改變。(due to，“由于”。to these properties，to the fact，and to the fact都是due所要求的。句中兩個that均引出同位語從句。)

????45．Newton generalized the idea by supposing that any two particles in the universe gravitate??towards each other with a force varying inversely as the square of the distance between them and directly as the product of their masses．