2015考研英語：新題型試題精選(五)

　　2015考研英語：新題型精選試題(五)

　　The study of law has been recognized for centuries as a basic intellectual discipline in European universities. However, only in recent years has it become a feature of undergraduate programs in Canadian universities. (46) Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person. Happily, the older and more continental view of legal education is establishing itself in a number of Canadian universities and some have even begun to offer undergraduate degrees in law.

　　If the study of law is beginning to establish itself as part and parcel of a general education, its aims and methods should appeal directly to journalism educators. Law is a discipline which encourages responsible judgment. On the one hand, it provides opportunities to analyze such ideas as justice, democracy and freedom. (47) On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news. For example, notions of evidence and fact, of basic rights and public interest are at work in the process of journalistic judgment and production just as in courts of law. Sharpening judgment by absorbing and reflecting on law is a desirable component of a journalists intellectual preparation for his or her career.

　　(48) But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media. Politics or, more broadly, the functioning of the state, is a major subject for journalists. The better informed they are about the way the state works, the better their reporting will be. (49) In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.

　　Furthermore, the legal system and the events which occur within it are primary subjects for journalists. While the quality of legal journalism varies greatly, there is an undue reliance amongst many journalists on interpretations supplied to them by lawyers.(50) While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments.These can only come from a well-grounded understanding of the legal system.

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　　幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來，有關(guān)法律的研究一直被看成是歐洲各國大學(xué)的一門基本的知識(shí)學(xué)科。(46)不過，只是在最近幾年有關(guān)法律的研究才成為加拿大大學(xué)教育的一門學(xué)科。傳統(tǒng)上，在加拿大的高等學(xué)府里，學(xué)習(xí)法律一直被看作是律師的專門工作，而不是一個(gè)受過良好教育的人所必須具備的知識(shí)素養(yǎng)。幸運(yùn)的是，加拿大的許多大學(xué)正在樹立法律教育更傳統(tǒng)、更具有大陸特性的觀念，有些甚至已經(jīng)開始授予法律學(xué)士學(xué)位。

　　如果有關(guān)法律的研究正在開始成為普通教育一個(gè)不可缺少的學(xué)科的話，那么它的目的和方法應(yīng)該會(huì)即刻吸引新聞學(xué)教育家。法律是一門學(xué)科，這門學(xué)科鼓勵(lì)進(jìn)行有責(zé)任的判斷。一方面，它為分析像公正、民主以及自由這樣的概念提供機(jī)會(huì)。(47)另一方面，法律又將正義、民主和自由這些觀念與日常生活中的實(shí)際聯(lián)系在一起，其方式就如同新聞工作者在報(bào)道和評(píng)論新聞事件時(shí)，以日常生活為基礎(chǔ)，使這些觀念與實(shí)際情況相結(jié)合一樣。比如，有關(guān)證據(jù)和事實(shí)、基本權(quán)利和公眾利益這樣的概念在新聞判斷和新聞制作過程中起作用，就像在法庭上一樣。通過學(xué)習(xí)并且反省法律來強(qiáng)化判斷是一名新聞?dòng)浾邽槠涫聵I(yè)進(jìn)行知識(shí)準(zhǔn)備時(shí)渴望實(shí)現(xiàn)的。

　　(48)但是，新聞工作者對(duì)于法律的理解應(yīng)該比普通公民更加深刻，這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)是在對(duì)于新聞媒體的既定規(guī)范和特殊的社會(huì)責(zé)任有深刻認(rèn)識(shí)的基礎(chǔ)之上建立的。政治，或者更廣泛一點(diǎn)，國家的職能，是新聞?dòng)浾邎?bào)道的一個(gè)主要方面。他們對(duì)國家運(yùn)作的方式了解越多，他們的報(bào)道就越優(yōu)秀。(49)實(shí)際上，很難想象那些對(duì)于加拿大憲法的基本特點(diǎn)缺乏清晰了解的新聞工作者能夠勝任政治新聞報(bào)道的工作。

　　此外，法律體系以及其中發(fā)生的事件是新聞?dòng)浾邎?bào)道的主題。雖然與法律有關(guān)的新聞報(bào)道的性質(zhì)差別很大，(50)但是，許多新聞?dòng)浾哌^分依賴律師提供給他們的詮釋。律師的評(píng)論和反應(yīng)當(dāng)然能夠提升新聞報(bào)道的價(jià)值，但是，記者們最好還是依靠自己對(duì)于事件重要性的認(rèn)識(shí)來做出判斷。