考研英語閱讀真題答案與詳解(2010年)

　　Text 1

　　①Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage。

　　【考點分析】滅絕師太常考(the most)本句的意思是“過去這些年英語報紙上所發(fā)生的最有影響力的變化的可能是藝術(shù)評論的在報道范圍和嚴(yán)肅性的墮落”。

　　①It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers. ②Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20th century consisted in large part of newspaper reviews. ③ To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that their learned contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies。

　　【考點分析】①to the point of “到…地步” ②轉(zhuǎn)折?？迹?1題。 “然而，在20世紀(jì)大量的最重要的批評集是有報紙評論組成的。”本句強調(diào)20世紀(jì)的報紙評論數(shù)量很多。③沿著上句的意思論述：如今讀到這樣的書的人不禁會對下面這個事實感到驚訝：這些評論之前竟然被認(rèn)為適合在面向大眾的日報上刊登。

　　21. It is indicated in Paragraphs 1 and 2 that

　　A arts criticism has disappeared from big-city newspapers。

　　B English-language newspapers used to carry more arts reviews。

　　C high-quality newspapers retain a large body of readers。

　　D young readers doubt the suitability of criticism on dailies。

　　【正確選項解析】B 由第一段的 ①decline in scope 和第二段的②a considerable number 都在強調(diào)以前的報紙關(guān)于藝術(shù)評論數(shù)量很多，所以選擇B

　　【干擾選項分析】A 比較容易排除。與第一段①矛盾，原文只是說decline, 即下降，沒有說消失(disappear)

　　C 比較容易排除。“高質(zhì)量的報紙未喪失大量的讀者”。無中生有。

　　D 強干擾項。“年輕的讀者懷疑報紙上的評論不合適”。原文③：《牛津高階英漢雙解詞典》marvel v be very surprised (and often admiring) 大為驚訝(常含贊嘆之意)，表明其實讀者是贊同：這些評論可以再報紙上刊登的。這里的doubt 表示懷疑，所以與marvel意思相反。

　?、?We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War 2,at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared. ②In those far-off days, it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered. ③Theirs was a serious business. and even those reviews who wore their learning lightly, like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman, could be trusted to know what they were about. ④These men believed in journalism as a calling , and were proud to be published in the daily press. ⑤'So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism,' Newman wrote, "that I am tempted to define "journalism" as "a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are".'

　　【考點分析】①否定?？?unfocused)出22題。承接上文，上文講我們的評論數(shù)量減少，這里繼續(xù)講我們甚至離20世紀(jì)初到二戰(zhàn)期間的報紙評論也相差很遠(yuǎn)。Even farther removed from 表明作者的惋惜之情。② in detail and at length“詳細(xì)的”③ serious“嚴(yán)肅的”④calling“對做某項工作的強烈欲望或責(zé)任感” proud“驕傲” 上面的這些詞都表明二戰(zhàn)前的報紙評論的風(fēng)格。⑤否定?？迹?3題。“因此，幾乎沒有人有足夠的智慧或文學(xué)天賦在新聞事業(yè)上成就自己，我更喜歡吧新聞事業(yè)定義為“被假作家恥辱地使用了的術(shù)語，對真作家來說，他們不足掛齒”。”其實本句話中Newman wrote,后面的根本不需要看懂。

　　22. Newspaper reviews in England before World War 2 were characterized by

　　A free themes。

　　B casual style。

　　C elaborate layout。

　　D radical viewpoints。

　　【正確選項解析】A unfocused的英文解釋：not concentrated at one point or upon one objective, free的英文解釋是unrestricted，所以unfocused = free ,屬于同義替換。

　　【干擾選項分析】

　　B 請看《牛津高階英漢雙解詞典》字典對casual 的解釋：(a)made or done without much care or thought; offhand 不經(jīng)意的; 隨便的; 馬虎的; 臨時的(b) (derog 貶) showing little concern; nonchalant; irresponsible 漠不關(guān)心的; 無動於衷的; 不負(fù)責(zé)任的(c) not methodical or thorough; not serious 無條理的; 不徹底的; 不認(rèn)真的 。這幾個意思都是和② in detail and at length“詳細(xì)的”③ serious“嚴(yán)肅的”④calling“對做某項工作的強烈欲望或責(zé)任感” proud“驕傲”相矛盾的。所以不選。

　　C 強干擾項。elaborate 可以替換原文中的in detail ，但是layout(布局)無中生有，所以本題與原文不相符合。

　　D radical 激進(jìn)的 無中生有。

　　23. Which of the following would shaw and Newman most probably agree on?

　　A It is writers' duty to fulfill journalistic goals。

　　B It is contemptible for writers to be journalists。

　　C Writers are likely to be tempted into journalism。

　　D Not all writers are capable of journalistic writing。

　　【正確選項解析】D 對⑤同義替換。Few= not all ，have brains enough or literary gift enough=capable of

　　注意：D選項中not all屬于部分否定，語氣委婉，在選項中出現(xiàn)往往正確。

　　【干擾選項分析】A journalistic goals(新聞業(yè)的目標(biāo))，無中生有。

　　B “作家成為記者是值得鄙視的。”與④的proud (自豪的)相反。

　　C “作者容易被新聞業(yè)吸引”。對⑤偷梁換柱。原文說的是被define "journalism" as… 所吸引，而不是被journalism所吸引。

　?、賃nfortunately, these critics are virtually forgotten. ②Neville Cardus, who wrote for the Manchester Guardian from 1917 until shortly before his death in 1975, is now known solely as a writer of essays on the game of cricket. ③During his lifetime, though, he was also one of England's foremost classical-music critics, and a stylist so widely admired that his Autobiography (1947) became a best-seller. ④He was knighted in 1967, the first music critic to be so honored. ⑤Yet only one of his books is now in print, and his vast body of writings on music is unknown save to specialists. ①②③④⑤

　　【考點分析】①否定?？?段首?？?。“不幸的是，這些批評家?guī)缀醣煌浟恕?rdquo;言語之間是作者對報紙評論墮落的惋惜之情。②-⑤是舉Neville Cardus的例子來論證以前的評論家怎么被忘記的，可以略讀。

　?、買s there any chance that Cardus's criticism will enjoy a revival? ②The prospect seems remote. ③Journalistic tastes had changed long before his death, and postmodern readers have little use for the richly uphostered Vicwardian prose in which he specialized. ④Moreover, the amateur tradition in music criticism has been in headlong retreat。

　　【考點分析】①特殊標(biāo)點?？?，出25題。筆者在課堂中反復(fù)強調(diào)出現(xiàn)問號是必考的。“Cardus'那樣的評論會重現(xiàn)嗎?不太可能!”再一次點明了作者所討論的中心：報紙行業(yè)的墮落(decline)，要注意decline與①中的revival是反義詞。③講理由，出24題。

　　24. What can be learned about Cardus according to the last two paragraphs?

　　A His music criticism may not appeal to readers today。

　　B His reputation as a music critic has long been in dispute。

　　C His style caters largely to modern specialists。

　　D His writings fail to follow the amateur tradition。

　　【正確選項解析】A ③說 新聞業(yè)的品味已經(jīng)改變，讀者不需要(have little use for)他所擅長的風(fēng)格，所以Cardus's criticism不可能復(fù)蘇。而A Cardus's criticism也許不能吸引當(dāng)今的讀者。 注意have little use for= not appeal to

　　同時本選項還有may,這個語氣委婉的詞，符合黃四“正確答案語氣委婉”。

　　【干擾選項分析】B 原文沒有提到他的名聲有爭議，所以無中生有。

　　C “他的風(fēng)格符合現(xiàn)在的專家”與本段最后一句相矛盾。

　　D 移花接木，是利用最后一句話編造的選項。